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BS EN 1999-1-1:2023 Eurocode 9. Design of aluminium structures - General rules, 2023
- undefined
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms, definitions and symbols
- 4 Basis of design
- 5 Materials
- 6 Durability
- 7 Structural analysis
- 8 Ultimate limit states for members
- 9 Serviceability limit states
- 10 Design of joints
- Annex A (normative)Quality requirements for execution [Go to Page]
- A.3 General [Go to Page]
- A.3.1 Basic requirements
- A.3.2 Execution class
- A.3.3 Utilization grade
- A.4 Selection process for execution class
- A.5 Evaluation of utilization grades
- Annex B (informative)Finite Element Methods of analysis (FEM) [Go to Page]
- B.1 Use of this Annex
- B.2 Scope and field of application
- B.3 Use of FEM for design
- B.4 Modelling
- B.5 Choice of software and documentation
- B.6 Use of imperfections
- B.7 Material properties
- B.8 Loads
- B.9 Limit state criteria
- B.10 Partial factors
- Annex C (informative)Materials selection [Go to Page]
- C.1 Use of this Annex
- C.2 Scope and field of application
- C.3 General
- C.4 Wrought products [Go to Page]
- C.4.1 Wrought heat treatable alloys [Go to Page]
- C.4.1.1 General
- C.4.1.2 Alloys EN AW-6082 and EN AW-6061
- C.4.1.3 Alloy EN AW-6005A
- C.4.1.4 Alloys EN AW-6060, EN AW-6063 and EN AW-6106
- C.4.1.5 Alloy EN AW-7020
- C.4.2 Wrought non-heat treatable alloys [Go to Page]
- C.4.2.1 General
- C.4.2.2 EN AW- 5049, EN AW-5052, EN AW-5454 and EN AW-5754
- C.4.2.3 EN AW-5083 and EN AW-5383
- C.4.2.4 EN AW-3004, EN AW-3005, EN AW-3103 and EN AW-5005
- C.4.2.5 EN AW-8011A
- C.5 Cast products [Go to Page]
- C.5.1 General
- C.5.2 Heat treatable casting alloys EN AC-42100, EN AC-42200, EN AC-43000 and EN AC-43300
- C.5.3 Non-heat treatable casting alloys EN AC-44200 and EN AC-51300
- Annex D (informative)Corrosion and surface protection [Go to Page]
- D.1 Use of this Annex
- D.2 Scope and field of application
- D.3 Corrosion of aluminium under various exposure conditions
- D.4 Durability ratings of aluminium alloys
- D.5 Corrosion protection [Go to Page]
- D.5.1 General
- D.5.2 Corrosion protection of structural aluminium
- D.5.3 Aluminium in contact with aluminium and other metals
- D.5.4 Aluminium surfaces in contact with non-metallic materials [Go to Page]
- D.5.4.1 Contact with concrete, masonry or plaster
- D.5.4.2 Embedment in concrete
- D.5.4.3 Contact with timber
- D.5.4.4 Contact with soils
- D.5.4.5 Immersion in water
- D.5.4.6 Contact with chemicals used in the building industry
- D.5.4.7 Contact with insulating materials used in the building industry
- D.5.4.8 Contact with liquids and bulk solids used in tanks, bins and silos
- Annex E (normative)Castings [Go to Page]
- E.1 Use of this Annex
- E.2 Scope and field of application
- E.3 General design provisions for castings [Go to Page]
- E.3.1 General design provisions
- E.3.2 Quality requirements, testing and quality documentation
- Annex F (informative)Analytical models for stress-strain relationship [Go to Page]
- F.1 Use of this Annex
- F.2 Scope and field of application
- F.3 Analytical models [Go to Page]
- F.3.1 General
- F.3.2 Piecewise linear models [Go to Page]
- F.3.2.1 General
- F.3.2.2 Bi-linear model
- F.3.2.3 Tri-linear model
- F.3.3 Continuous models [Go to Page]
- F.3.3.1 General
- F.3.3.2 Continuous models in the form σ = σ(ε)
- F.3.3.3 Continuous models in the form ε = ε (σ)
- F.4 Approximate evaluation of εuni,max
- Annex G (informative)Geometrical properties of cross-sections [Go to Page]
- G.1 Use of this Annex
- G.2 Scope and field of application
- G.3 Torsion constant It
- G.4 Torsion modulus Wt
- G.5 Position of shear centre S
- G.6 Warping constant Iw
- G.7 Cross-section constants for open thin-walled cross-sections
- G.8 Torsion constant of cross-section with closed part
- G.9 Shear area
- G.10 Plastic section modulus and interaction formula [Go to Page]
- G.10.1 Plastic section modulus
- G.10.2 Plastic interaction formula
- Annex H (informative)Behaviour of cross-sections beyond elastic limit [Go to Page]
- H.1 Use of this Annex
- H.2 Scope and field of application
- H.3 Definition of cross-section limit states
- H.4 Classification of cross-sections to limit states
- H.5 Boundary values of ultimate axial load
- H.6 Boundary values of ultimate moment
- H.7 Ultimate resistance
- Annex I (informative)Lateral-torsional buckling of beams and torsional or torsional-flexural buckling of compressed members [Go to Page]
- I.1 Use of this Annex
- I.2 Scope and field of application
- I.3 Elastic critical moment and slenderness [Go to Page]
- I.3.1 Basis
- I.3.2 General formula for beams with uniform cross-sections symmetrical about the minor or major axis
- I.3.3 Beams with uniform cross-sections symmetrical about major axis, centrally symmetric and doubly symmetric cross-sections
- I.3.4 Cantilevers with uniform cross-sections symmetrical about the minor axis
- I.4 Slenderness for lateral-torsional buckling
- I.5 Elastic critical axial force for torsional and torsional-flexural buckling
- I.6 Slenderness for torsional and torsional-flexural buckling
- Annex J (informative)Shear lag effects in member design [Go to Page]
- J.1 Use of this Annex
- J.2 Scope and field of application
- J.3 Effective width for elastic shear lag [Go to Page]
- J.3.1 Effective width factor for shear lag
- J.3.2 Stress distribution for shear lag
- J.4 Shear lag at ultimate limit states
- Annex K (informative)Plastic hinge method for continuous beams [Go to Page]
- K.1 Use of this Annex
- K.2 Scope and field of application
- K.3 Determination of ultimate bending moment Mu
- Annex L (informative)Cross-sectional ductility and rotation capacity [Go to Page]
- L.1 Use of this Annex
- L.2 Scope and field of application
- L.3 Moment-curvature analysis of cross-section
- L.4 Evaluation of rotation capacity
- L.5 Empirical relations for ultimate resistance
- L.6 Empirical relations for rotation capacity
- Annex M (informative)Classification of joints [Go to Page]
- M.1 Use of this Annex
- M.2 Scope and field of application
- M.3 General
- M.4 Fully restoring joints
- M.5 Partially restoring joints
- M.6 Classification according to rigidity
- M.7 Classification according to strength
- M.8 Classification according to ductility
- M.9 General design requirements for joints
- M.10 Requirements for framing joints [Go to Page]
- M.10.1 General
- M.10.2 Nominally pinned joints
- M.10.3 Joints among structural members
- Annex N (informative)The use of the component method for joints [Go to Page]
- N.1 Use of this Annex
- N.2 Scope and field of application
- Annex O (informative)Screw grooves and screw ports [Go to Page]
- O.1 Use of this Annex
- O.2 Scope and field of application
- O.3 Tensile resistance
- O.4 Shear resistance
- Annex P (informative)Adhesive bonded joints [Go to Page]
- P.1 Use of this Annex
- P.2 Scope and field of application
- P.3 General
- P.4 Adhesives
- P.5 Design of adhesive bonded joints [Go to Page]
- P.5.1 General
- P.5.2 Characteristic strength of adhesives
- P.5.3 Design shear stress
- P.6 Tests
- Annex Q (informative)Determining the extent of HAZ from hardness tests [Go to Page]
- Q.1 Use of this Annex
- Q.2 Scope and field of application
- Q.3 Determining the extent of HAZ from hardness tests
- Annex R (informative)Weld studs connected by arc stud welding with tip ignition [Go to Page]
- R.1 Use of this Annex
- R.2 Scope and field of application
- R.3 Construction
- R.4 Design
- Annex S (normative)Aluminium bridges
- Annex T (informative)Lattice spatial roof structures [Go to Page]
- T.1 Use of this Annex
- T.2 Scope and field of application
- T.3 General requirements
- T.4 Double layer reticulated structures [Go to Page]
- T.4.1 General
- T.4.2 Connection classification according to axial stiffness
- T.4.3 Connection classification according to axial strength
- T.4.4 Connections with bolts in shear
- T.4.5 Design of connections assisted by testing
- T.5 Single-layer reticulated structures [Go to Page]
- T.5.1 Stability checks
- T.5.2 Buckling length of members connected by gusset plates
- T.5.3 Connection classification for members subjected to axial force and bending
- T.5.4 Modelling of gusset plate connections subjected to axial force and bending
- Annex U (informative)Composite Aluminium Concrete Beams [Go to Page]
- U.1 Use of this Annex
- U.3 General and main problems
- U.4 Calculation of Internal Forces [Go to Page]
- U.4.1 Methods of global analysis [Go to Page]
- U.4.1.1 General
- U.4.1.2 Effective width (“shear lag”)
- U.4.2 Linear elastic analysis [Go to Page]
- U.4.2.1 Creep, shrinkage and cracking of concrete
- U.4.2.2 Construction stages and temperature effects
- U.4.3 Elastic analysis with redistribution
- U.4.4 Global nonlinear and rigid plastic analysis
- U.5 Ultimate limit states [Go to Page]
- U.5.1 General
- U.5.2 Bending resistance [Go to Page]
- U.5.2.1 Plastic resisting moment of a composite cross section
- U.5.2.2 Bending resistance of composite section from nonlinear theory
- U.6 Shear Connectors [Go to Page]
- U.6.1 General rules
- U.6.2 Traditional connectors
- U.6.3 Innovative connectors
- Annex V (normative)Modified Buckling Conditions [Go to Page]
- V.1 Use of this Annex
- V.2 Scope and field of application
- V.3 Design of flexural buckling for bow imperfections L/500 [Go to Page]
