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eLibrary > IEEE Guide for Early Detection, Mitigation, Preventative Measures, and Response to Smoke, Fire, and Explosions in Underground Electrical Structures >

IEEE Guide for Early Detection, Mitigation, Preventative Measures, and Response to Smoke, Fire, and Explosions in Underground Electrical Structures, 2022

This document is reproduced and distributed under license from The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated (IEEE), 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and is protected by United States and international copyright laws and treaties. No part of this publication may be reproduced, in any form and in any medium, without the prior written consent of the IEEE. If you have any questions, please contact MADCAD.com at support@madcad.com or call at 1.800.798.9296.

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IEEE Guide for Early Detection, Mitigation, Preventative Measures, and Response to Smoke, Fire, and Explosions in Underground Electrical Structures, 2022

IEEE Std 2417™-2022 Front cover
Title page
Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents
Participants
Introduction
Contents
1. Overview [Go to Page]
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Scope
1.3 Purpose
1.4 Word usage
2. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations [Go to Page]
2.1 Definitions
2.2 Acronyms and abbreviations
3. Background
4. Root causes of manhole events [Go to Page]
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Third-party sources of combustible gases
4.3 Hydrogen from aluminum hydroxylation
4.4 Aged or damaged cable and components
4.5 Insulation failure
4.6 Conductive pathway
4.7 Quiescent fault
4.8 High-energy fault
4.9 Fault energy sufficient to dislodge cover
4.10 Heat initiates burning
4.11 High-energy fault only
4.12 Manhole explosion (detonation)
4.13 Manhole volume filled with liquid or solid
4.14 Insignificant combustible gas accumulation
4.15 Burning
4.16 Event perceivable from surface
4.17 Flammable gas concentration greater than LFL and less than UFL
4.18 Ignition source present
4.19 Adequate flammable gases to explode
4.20 Smoking manhole
4.21 Manhole fire
4.22 Manhole explosion (deflagration)
5. Combustion chemistry [Go to Page]
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Decomposition of insulation
6. Prevention of manhole events [Go to Page]
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Preventing NMEs
6.3 Preventing PMEs
7. Detection of manhole event precursors [Go to Page]
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Differential current imbalance
7.3 Contact voltage
7.4 Power quality event
7.5 Continuous monitoring
8. Manhole explosion modeling
9. Manhole covers [Go to Page]
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Restrained pressure relief covers
9.3 Volume expansion system
9.4 Vented covers
10. Response [Go to Page]
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Stakeholder planning
10.3 Response plan elements
10.4 Collateral damage to adjacent utility facilities
10.5 Post-event actions
11. Risk assessment [Go to Page]
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Event undesirable outcomes
11.3 Event risk
12. Retarding event escalation [Go to Page]
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Chemical seals
12.3 Mechanical seals
12.4 Grouts
12.5 Sealant considerations
Annex A (informative) Bibliography
Annex B (informative) Combustion chemistry [Go to Page]
B.1 Types of explosions
B.2 Types of decomposition
Annex C (informative) Mass balance calculations
Back cover [Go to Page]

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IEEE Guide for Early Detection, Mitigation, Preventative Measures, and Response to Smoke, Fire, and Explosions in Underground Electrical Structures, 2022

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