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eLibrary > FEMA P-361: Safe Rooms for Tornadoes and Hurricanes, Third Edition / March 2015 >

FEMA P-361: Safe Rooms for Tornadoes and Hurricanes, Third Edition / March 2015, 2015

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FEMA P-361: Safe Rooms for Tornadoes and Hurricanes, Third Edition / March 2015, 2015

Safe Rooms for Tornadoes and Hurricanes
Preface
Table of Contents
Introduction to FEMA P-361
Part A [Go to Page]
CHAPTER A1 - Purpose and Background [Go to Page]
A1.1 Purpose
A1.2 Background on FEMA Safe Room DesignHistory and ICC Code Development [Go to Page]
A1.2.1 Development of FEMA Safe Room Guidance
A1.2.2 Development of ICC 500
A1.2.3 ICC 500 Comparison with FEMA P-361
A1.2.4 FEMA Safe Room Grant Funding Program
A1.3 Safe Room Terminology [Go to Page]
A1.3.1 Terminology
A1.3.2 Types of Safe Rooms
A1.4 Deciding Whether to Install a Safe Room
CHAPTER A2 - Extreme-Wind Risk Assessmentand Analysis [Go to Page]
A2.1 Risk Assessment [Go to Page]
A2.1.1 Assessing Threat [Go to Page]
A2.1.1.1 Tornado Threat
A2.1.1.2 Hurricane Threat
A2.1.2 Assessing Vulnerability [Go to Page]
A2.1.2.1 Assessing Building Vulnerability
A2.1.2.2 Assessing Vulnerable Population
A2.2 Risk Analysis [Go to Page]
A2.2.1 Analyzing Risk
A2.2.2 Considering Multi-Hazards in Safe Room Design
CHAPTER A3 - Costs and Benefit-Cost Analysis [Go to Page]
A3.1 Safe Room Costs [Go to Page]
A3.1.1 Design Parameters That Affect Safe Room Costs
A3.1.2 Cost and Size Data from Constructed and Proposed Safe Room Projects
A3.1.3 New Construction versus Retrofit
A3.1.4 Cost of Hurricane Community Safe Room versus Combined Tornado and Hurricane Community Safe Room
A3.2 Benefit-Cost Analysis [Go to Page]
A3.2.1 Benefit-Cost Analysis Software
A3.2.2 Determining Project Benefits
CHAPTER A4 - Operation and MaintenanceConsiderations for CommunitySafe Rooms [Go to Page]
A4.1 Safe Room O&M Plan Objectives and Parameters [Go to Page]
A4.1.1 Safe Room Design
A4.1.2 Multi-Use versus Single-Use
A4.1.3 Duration of Occupancy
A4.1.4 Intended Occupants
A4.2 Staffing and Personnel Considerations [Go to Page]
A4.2.1 Roles and Responsibilities
A4.2.2 Contact Lists
A4.2.3 Staff Training
A4.2.4 Work Shifts
A4.3 Community Outreach and Notification [Go to Page]
A4.3.1 Identifying Potential Safe Room Occupant Population and Providing Information
A4.3.2 Signage
A4.3.3 Expectation of Safe Room Use during Off-Hours
A4.3.4 Information on the Access and FunctionalNeeds of Potential Safe Room Occupants
A4.3.5 Alert Signals and Drills
A4.3.6 Pets
A4.4 Emergency Provisions [Go to Page]
A4.4.1 Food and Water
A4.4.2 Communications Equipment
A4.4.3 Emergency Supplies (ICC 500 Sec 702.4 and 703.7)
A4.5 Access and Entry [Go to Page]
A4.5.1 Parking
A4.5.2 Entering the Safe Room
A4.5.3 Registering Occupants
A4.5.4 Locking Down the Safe Room
A4.6 Operations during an Event [Go to Page]
A4.6.1 Security
A4.6.2 First Aid and Health Services
A4.6.3 Communication
A4.7 Post-Event Operations
A4.8 Maintenance
Part B [Go to Page]
CHAPTER B1 - Application and Administration [Go to Page]
B1.1 Criteria
B1.2 FEMA Supplemental Commentary [Go to Page]
B1.2.1 Single-Use and Multi-Use Safe Rooms (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 104) [Go to Page]
B1.2.1.1 Multi-Use Safe Rooms (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 104.1)
B1.2.1.2 Single-Use Safe Rooms (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 104.2)
B1.2.2 Permitting, Review, andInspections (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 105 and 106) [Go to Page]
B1.2.2.1 Permitting and Code Compliance
B1.2.2.2 Peer Review (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 106.1.1)
B1.2.2.3 Special Inspections and Acceptance (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 106.2, 106.3)
B1.2.2.4 Structural Observations (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 106.4)
B1.2.3 Construction Documents (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 107) [Go to Page]
B1.2.3.1 Quality Assurance / Quality Control (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 107.3)
B1.2.4 Design Information Signage and Labeling (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 108)
CHAPTER B2 - Definitions
CHAPTER B3 - Structural Design [Go to Page]
B3.1 Criteria
B3.2 FEMA Supplemental Commentary [Go to Page]
B3.2.1 General Approach to the Structural Design of Safe Rooms (Reference: ICC Sec 301) [Go to Page]
B3.2.1.1 Design Considerations and Safe Room Types [Go to Page]
B3.2.1.1.1 Stand-Alone Safe Rooms
B3.2.1.1.2 Internal Safe Rooms
B3.2.1.2 Structural and Building Envelope Characteristics of Safe Rooms
B3.2.2 Load Combinations (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 302)
B3.2.3 Non-Wind Load Considerations (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 303) [Go to Page]
B3.2.3.1 Rain Loads
B3.2.3.2 Roof Live Loads
B3.2.3.3 Flood Loads
B3.2.3.4 Seismic Loads and Seismic Detailing
B3.2.4 Wind Loads and Design (ICC 500 Sec 304) [Go to Page]
B3.2.4.1 Design Wind Speeds for Safe Rooms [Go to Page]
B3.2.4.1.1 Background on Safe Room Design Wind Speed Maps
B3.2.4.1.2 Tornado Design Wind Speed Map (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 304.2)
B3.2.4.1.3 Hurricane Design Wind Speed Map (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 304.2)
B3.2.4.1.4 Wind Speeds for Alaska
B3.2.4.1.5 Potential for Exceeding Design Wind Speed
B3.2.4.2 Calculating Wind Loads [Go to Page]
B3.2.4.2.1 Parameters for Calculating Wind Pressures
B3.2.4.2.2 Using the ASCE 7 Directional Procedure
B3.2.4.2.3 Combination of Wind Loads: MWFRS and C&C
B3.2.4.3 Continuous Load Path Concepts [Go to Page]
B3.2.4.3.1 Anchorages and Connections
B3.2.4.3.2 Roof Connections and Roof-to-Wall Connections
B3.2.4.3.3 Foundation-to-Wall Connections (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 308)
B3.2.5 Debris Hazards (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 305) [Go to Page]
B3.2.5.1 Test Missile Criteria for Tornado Community Safe Rooms (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 305.1.1)
B3.2.5.2 Test Missile Criteria for Hurricane Community Safe Rooms (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 305.1.2)
B3.2.5.3 Test Missile Criteria for Residential Safe Rooms
B3.2.5.4 Soil Cover as Protection from Debris Impact
B3.2.5.5 Lay Down, Rollover, Collapse, and Large Falling/Flying Debris Hazards (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 305.3)
B3.2.6 Component Design and Testing (Reference: ICC Sec 306)
CHAPTER B4 - Siting [Go to Page]
B4.1 Criteria
B4.2 FEMA Supplemental Commentary [Go to Page]
B4.2.1 General Siting Considerations [Go to Page]
B4.2.1.1 Function and Use
B4.2.1.2 Safety
B4.2.1.3 Access
B4.2.1.4 Siting Proximity to Other Buildings
B4.2.1.5 Siting Proximity to Occupants for Residential Safe Rooms (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 401)
B4.2.1.6 Siting Proximity to Occupants for Community Safe Rooms
B4.2.1.7 Manmade Siting Hazards(Reference: ICC 500 Sec 402)
B4.2.1.8 Other Criteria to Consider
B4.2.2 Flood Hazards (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 401 and Sec 404) [Go to Page]
B4.2.2.1 General Flood Hazard Siting / Elevation
B4.2.2.2 Flood Design Criteria for Community Safe Rooms
B4.2.2.3 Flood Design Criteria for Residential Safe Rooms
CHAPTER B5 - Occupancy, Means of Egress,Access and Accessibility [Go to Page]
B5.1 Criteria
B5.2 FEMA Supplemental Commentary [Go to Page]
B5.2.1 Community Safe Rooms (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 501) [Go to Page]
B5.2.1.1 Calculation of Usable Floor Area of a CommunitySafe Room (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 501.1.2)
B5.2.1.2 Number of Doors for a Safe Room (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 501.2)
B5.2.1.3 Emergency Escape Opening (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 501.4)
B5.2.1.4 Americans with Disabilities Act (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 501.6) [Go to Page]
B5.2.1.4.1 Travel Time and Access
B5.2.1.4.2 Access and Functional Needs
B5.2.2 Residential Safe Rooms (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 502)
B5.2.3 Locks and Latching (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 503)
B5.2.4 Signage for Community Safe Rooms (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 504)
CHAPTER B6 - Fire Safety
CHAPTER B7 - Essential Features and Accessories [Go to Page]
B7.1 Criteria
B7.2 FEMA Supplemental Commentary [Go to Page]
B7.2.1 Occupancy Duration
B7.2.2 Ventilation (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 702.1 and 703.1)
B7.2.3 Sanitation Management (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 702.2 and 703.2)
B7.2.4 Lighting (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 702.3 and 703.4)
B7.2.5 Standby (Emergency) Power (Reference: ICC 500 Sec 702.3, 703.4, 703.5 and 703.6)
B7.2.6 Water Supply (Reference: ICC Sec 703.3)
CHAPTER B8 - Test Methods for Impact andPressure Testing [Go to Page]
B8.1 Criteria
B8.2 FEMA Supplemental Commentary [Go to Page]
B8.2.1 Wind-borne Debris in Tornadoes and Hurricanes [Go to Page]
B8.2.1.1 Debris Potential at Safe Room Sites
B8.2.1.2 Representative Missiles for Debris Impact Testing [Go to Page]
B8.2.1.2.1 Tornado Test Missile
B8.2.1.2.2 Hurricane Test Missile
B8.2.2 Resistance to Test Missile Loads and Successful Testing Criteria [Go to Page]
B8.2.2.1 Debris Impact Test Speeds for Representative Missiles
B8.2.2.2 Induced Loads from the Test Missile and Other Debris
B8.2.3 Performance of Wall and Roof Assemblies during Tornado Missile Impact Tests [Go to Page]
B8.2.3.1 Impact Resistance of Wood Wall Assemblies
B8.2.3.2 Impact Resistance of Wall Assemblies with Steel Sheathing
B8.2.3.3 Impact Resistance of Concrete Masonry Unit Wall Assemblies
B8.2.3.4 Impact Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Wall and Roof Assemblies
B8.2.4 Performance of Door, Glazed Openings, and Impact ProtectiveSystems during Debris Impact and Pressure Tests [Go to Page]
B8.2.4.1 Door Assemblies
B8.2.4.2 Glazed Opening Assemblies
B8.2.4.3 Impact Protective Systems
B8.2.5 Test Laboratory Accreditation
B8.2.5 Test Laboratory Accreditation
CHAPTER B9 - References and Resources [Go to Page]
B9.1 Storm Surge Inundation Data
Appendices [Go to Page]
APPENDIX A - Acronyms
APPENDIX B - Acknowledgments
APPENDIX C - Designer Checklist
APPENDIX D - Comparison Matrix of DifferencesBetween ICC 500 Requirements andFEMA Recommended Criteria [Go to Page]

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