1. Scope

1.1 This is a guide to developing fire hazard assessments for upholstered seating furniture, within patient rooms of health care occupancies. As such, it provides methods and contemporary fire safety engineering techniques to develop a fire hazard assessment for use in specifications for upholstered seating furniture in such occupancies.

1.2 Hazard assessment is an estimation of the potential severity of the fires that can develop with certain products in defined scenarios, once the incidents have occurred. Hazard assessment does not address the likelihood of a fire occurring, but is based on the premise that an ignition has occurred.

1.3 Because it is a guide, this document cannot be used for regulation, nor does it give definitive instructions on how to conduct a fire hazard assessment.

1.4 This guide is intended to provide assistance to those interested in mitigating the potential damage from fires associated with upholstered furniture in patient rooms in health care occupancies.

1.5 Thus, this guide can be used to help assess the fire hazard of materials, assemblies, or systems intended for use in upholstered furniture, by providing a standard basis for studying the level of fire safety associated with certain design choices. It can also aid those interested in designing features appropriate to health care occupancies. Finally, it may be useful to safety personnel in health care occupancies.

1.6 This guide is a focused application of Guide E 1546, which offers help in reference to fire scenarios that are specific to upholstered furniture in health care occupancies, and includes an extensive bibliography. It differs from Guide E 1546 in that it offers guidance that is specific to the issue of upholstered furniture in patient rooms of health care facilities, rather than general guidance. includes some statistics on the magnitude of the potential problem in the U.S.

1.7 A fire hazard assessment conducted in accordance with this guide is strongly dependent on the limitations in the factors described in .

1.7.1 Input data (including their precision or accuracy).

1.7.2 Appropriate test procedures.

1.7.3 Fire models or calculation procedures that are simultaneously relevant, accurate and appropriate.

1.7.4 Advancement of scientific knowledge.

1.8 This guide addresses specific fire scenarios which begin inside or outside of the patient room. However, the upholstered furniture under consideration is inside the patient room.

1.9 The fire scenarios used for this hazard assessment guide are described in . They involve the upholstered furniture item within the patient room as the first or second item ignited, in terms of the room of fire origin. Additionally, consideration should be given to the effect of the patient room upholstered furniture item on the tenability of occupants of rooms other than the room of fire origin, and on that of potential rescuers.

1.10 This guide does not claim to address all fires that can occur in patient rooms in health care occupancies. In particular, fires with more severe initiating conditions than those assumed in the analysis may pose more severe fire hazard than that calculated using this guide (see also ).

This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.11 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles

E176 Terminology of Fire Standards

E603 Guide for Room Fire Experiments

E648 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source

E662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials

E906 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using a Thermopile Method

E1321 Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and Flame Spread Properties

E1352 Test Method for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Assemblies

E1353 Test Methods for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of Upholstered Furniture

E1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter

E1355 Guide for Evaluating the Predictive Capability of Deterministic Fire Models

E1472 Guide for Documenting Computer Software for Fire Models

E1474 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or Composites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter

E1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furniture

E1546 Guide for Development of Fire-Hazard-Assessment Standards

E1590 Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses

E1591 Guide for Obtaining Data for Deterministic Fire Models

E1740 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate and Other Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Wall Covering or Ceiling Covering Composites Using a Cone Calorimeter

E2061 Guide for Fire Hazard Assessment of Rail Transportation Vehicles

E2067 Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry Fire Tests

F1534 Test Method for Determining Changes in Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Cushioning Materials After Water Leaching

CA Standards

NFPA Codes and Standards

Keywords

fire; fire hazard; heat release; ignition; smoke obscuration; smoke toxicity; upholstered furniture; Fire hazard assessment; Furniture; Heat release; Patient rooms; Smoke obscuration; Smoke toxicity; Upholstery fabrics/materials/applications;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 11.140 (Hospital equipment); 13.220.20 (Fire protection)

DOI: 10.1520/E2280-03E01

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