Significance and Use

The test method is used to estimate the permanganate natural oxidant demand exerted by the soil or aquifer solids by determining the quantity of potassium permanganate that is consumed by naturally occurring species as a function of time. Typically the measurement of PNOD is used to screen potential sites for in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) with permanganate (Test Method A) and provide information to aid in the design of remediation systems (Test Method B).

While some oxidizable species react relatively quickly (that is, days to weeks), others react more slower (weeks to months). Consequently, the PNOD _t is expected to be some fraction of the PNOD _max .

Due to mass transport related issues at the field-scale it is reasonable to assume that the PNOD _t measured using the test method may overestimate the demand exerted during ISCO applications.

Note 1The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/and so forth.

1. Scope

1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the permanganate natural oxidant demand (PNOD) through the determination of the quantity of potassium permanganate (KMnO ₄ ) that organic matter and other naturally occurring oxidizable species present in soil or aquifer solids will consume under specified conditions as a function of time. Oxidizable species may include organic constituents and oxidizable inorganic ions, such as ferrous iron and sulfides. The following test methods are included:

Test Method A 48-hour Permanganate Natural Oxidant Demand

Test Method B Permanganate Natural Oxidant Demand Kinetics

1.2 This test method is limited by the reagents employed to a permanganate natural oxidant demand (PNOD) of 60 g KMnO4 per kg soil or aquifer solids after a period of 48 hours (Method A) or two weeks (Method B).

1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 .

1.4 Units The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.5 This standard does not purport to interpret the results of the data. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to interpret the results obtained and to determine the applicability of these results prior to use.

1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids

D1193 Specification for Reagent Water

D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction

D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction Materials Testing

D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data

D6051 Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsampling for Environmental Waste Management Activities

D6169 Guide for Selection of Soil and Rock Sampling Devices Used With Drill Rigs for Environmental Investigations

D6282 Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environmental Site Characterizations

D6286 Guide for Selection of Drilling Methods for Environmental Site Characterization

Other Standards

Keywords

Permanganate natural oxidant demand; in situ chemical oxidation; potassium permanganate; Aquifers; Permanganate process; Permanganate time; Soil ;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 13.080.01 (Soil quality in general)

DOI: 10.1520/D7262-10

ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.

ASTM D7262