ASTM D6681-01
Historical Standard: ASTM D6681-01 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine-Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
SUPERSEDED (see Active link, below)
ASTM D6681
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is required to evaluate the performance of engine oils intended to satisfy certain American Petroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included in Specification D 4485). It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine. Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption is measured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are also examined for distress and the rings for mobility.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this standard does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).
1.3 The following is the Table of Contents:
| Section | |
| Scope | 1 |
| Referenced Documents | 2 |
| Terminology | 3 |
| Summary of Test Method | 4 |
| Significance and Use | 5 |
| Apparatus and Installation | 6 |
| Intake Air System | 6.2.1 |
| Exhaust System | 6.2.2 |
| Fuel System | 6.2.3 |
| Oil Consumption System | 6.2.4 |
| Engine Oil System | 6.2.5 |
| Oil Heating System | 6.2.5.1 |
| Oil Sample Valve | 6.2.5.2 |
| Engine Coolant System | 6.2.6 |
| Engine Instrumentation | 6.2.7 |
| Reagents and Materials | 7 |
| Oil Samples | 8 |
| Preparation of Apparatus | 9 |
| General Engine Assembly Practices | 9.1 |
| Complete Engine Inspection | 9.2 |
| Copper Components | 9.3 |
| Engine Lubricant System Flush | 9.4 |
| Engine Piston Cooling Jets | 9.5 |
| Engine Measurements and Inspections | 9.6 |
| Cylinder Head | 9.7 |
| Valve Guide Bushings | 9.8 |
| Fuel Injector | 9.9 |
| Piston and Rings | 9.10 |
| Cylinder Liner | 9.11 |
| Compression Ratio | 9.12 |
| Engine Timing | 9.13 |
| Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure | 9.14 |
| Calibration and Standardization | 10 |
| Test Cell Instrumentation | 10.1 |
| Instrumentation Standards | 10.2 |
| Coolant Flow | 10.3 |
| Re-calibration Requirements | 10.4 |
| Fuel Injectors | 10.5 |
| Air Flow | 10.6 |
| Intake Air Barrel | 10.7 |
| Fuel Filter | 10.8 |
| Oil Scale Flow Rates | 10.9 |
| Calibration of Test Stands | 10.10 |
| Extending Test Stand Calibration Period | 10.11 |
| Test Run Numbering | 10.12 |
| Humidity Calibration Requirements | 10.13 |
| Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters | 10.14 |
| Procedure | 11 |
| Engine Break-in Procedure | 11.1 |
| Cool-down Procedure | 11.2 |
| Warm-up Procedure | 11.3 |
| Shutdowns and Lost Time | 11.4 |
| Periodic Measurements | 11.5 |
| Engine Control Systems | 11.6 |
| Engine Coolant | 11.6.1 |
| Engine Fuel System | 11.6.2 |
| Engine Oil Temperature | 11.6.3 |
| Exhaust Pressure | 11.6.4 |
| Intake Air | 11.6.5 |
| Post-Test Procedures | 11.7 |
| Piston Ring Side Clearances | 11.7.1 |
| Piston Ratings | 11.7.2 |
| Referee Ratings | 11.7.2.1 |
| Ring End Gap Increase | 11.7.3 |
| Cylinder Liner Wear | 11.7.4 |
| Cylinder Liner Bore Polish | 11.7.5 |
| Photographs | 11.7.6 |
| Calculation and Interpretation of Results | 12 |
| Test Validity | 12.1 |
| Calculations | 12.2 |
| Quality Index | 12.2.1 |
| Oil Consumption | 12.2.2 |
| Report | 13 |
| Forms and Data Dictionary | 13.1 |
| Test Validity | 13.2 |
| Report Specifics | 13.3 |
| Precision and Bias | 14 |
| Precision | 14.1 |
| Bias | 14.2 |
| Keywords | 15 |
| Annexes | |
| Engine and Parts Warranty | Annex A1 |
| Instrument Locations, Measurements, and Calculations | Annex A2 |
| Cooling System Arrangement | Annex A3 |
| Intake Air Mass Flow Sensor Installation | Annex A4 |
| Fuel System Design and Required Components | Annex A5 |
| Oil System | Annex A6 |
| Exhaust and Intake Barrel Piping | Annex A7 |
| Humidity Probe Installation (Location) | Annex A8 |
| Return Goods Authorization (Claim Form) | Annex A9 |
| Engine Assembly Information | Annex A10 |
| Flushing Instructions and Apparatus | Annex A11 |
| Warm-up, Cool-down and Testing Conditions | Annex A12 |
| Piston and Liner Rating Modifications | Annex A13 |
| Additional Report Forms | Annex A14 |
| Test Report Forms | Annex A15 |
| Test Report Data Dictionary | Annex A16 |
| Appendixes | |
| Various Examples for Reference Purposes | Appendix X1 |
| Safety | Appendix X2 |
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
D2425 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
D3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in Gasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels (Potentiometric Method)
D3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
D4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
D4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration
D5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
D5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Two-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA Diesel Engine
D6202 Test Method for Automotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in the Sequence VIA Spark Ignition Engine
D6593 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
D7422 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
API Standard
API 1509 Engine Service Classification and Guide to Crankcase Oil Selection Available from the American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street NW, Washington DC, 20005.SAE Standard
SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine Service Classification Available from the Society of Automotive Engineers Inc., 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.Keywords
caterpillar 1P test procedure; oil consumption; piston deposits; single cylinder oil test;
ICS Code
ICS Number Code 75.100 (Lubricants, industrial oils and related products)
DOI: 10.1520/D6681-01
ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.
