Significance and Use

Definitions in this standard are to be regarded as the correct ones for terms found in other ASTM standards of Committee D18. Certain terms may be found in more than one standard issued under the jurisdiction of this committee and many of these terms have been placed in this standard.

Terms that are defined in some textbooks may differ slightly from those in this terminology standard. Definitions in this terminology standard are to be regarded as correct for ASTM usage.

See Appendix X1 for References.

A number of the definitions include symbols. The symbols appear in italics immediately after the name of the term.

No significance should be placed on the order in which the symbols are presented where two or more are given for an individual term.

The symbols presented are examples; therefore, other symbols are acceptable.

See Appendix X2 for Symbols.

A number of definitions indicate the units of measurements in parentheses and which follow the symbol(s) if given. The applicable units are indicated by bold capital letters, as follows:
D Dimensionless
F Force, such as pound-force, ton-force, newton
L Length, such as inch, foot, millimeter, and meter
M Mass, such as kilogram, gram
T Time, such as second, minute

Positive exponents designate multiples in the numerator. Negative exponents designate multiples in the denominator. Degrees of angle are indicated as degrees.

Expressing the units either in SI or the inch-pound system has been purposely omitted in order to leave the choice of the system and specific unit to the engineer and the particular application, for example:
FL ^{? 2} may be expressed in pounds-force per square inch, kilopascals, tons per square foot, etc.
LT ^{? 1} may be expressed in feet per minute, meters per second, etc.

Where synonymous terms are cross-referenced, the definition is usually included with the earlier term alphabetically. Where this is not the case, the later term is the more significant.

Definitions marked with (ISRM) are included for the convenience of the user and were taken directly from the International Society for Rock Mechanics (see X1.3).

Grouping of Definitions and Listing of Related Terms To aide users in finding terms, this terminology standard provides grouping of definitions and listing of related terms.

Groupings Some of these groupings of definitions are density , unit weight , and specific gravity .

Listings (see Appendix X3 ) The listing of related terms might be headed by such items as aquifer , density , gradation , index , specific gravity , and unit weight .

1. Scope

1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.

1.2 This terminology standard defines terms related to soil, rock, and contained fluids found in the various sections of standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18.

1.3 Definitions of terms relating to frozen soils are contained in Terminology D7099 .

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

C150 Specification for Portland Cement

C802 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Program to Determine the Precision of Test Methods for Construction Materials

D558 Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight) Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures

D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3))

D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer

D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3))

D2435 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading

D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)

D4043 Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques

D4044 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug) Tests for Determining Hydraulic Properties of Aquifers

D4050 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and Injection Well Tests for Determining Hydraulic Properties of Aquifer Systems

D4104 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by Overdamped Well Response to Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug Tests)

D4105 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequilibrium Method

D4106 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the Theis Nonequilibrium Method

D4186 Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Saturated Cohesive Soils Using Controlled-Strain Loading

D4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table

D4254 Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density

D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils

D4750 Test Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (Observation Well)

D4943 Test Method for Shrinkage Factors of Soils by the Wax Method

D5084 Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter

D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites

D5092 Practice for Design and Installation of Ground Water Monitoring Wells

D5269 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the Theis Recovery Method

D5270 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Bounded, Nonleaky, Confined Aquifers

D5878 Guides for Using Rock-Mass Classification Systems for Engineering Purposes

D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data

D6028 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Hydraulic Properties of a Confined Aquifer Taking into Consideration Storage of Water in Leaky Confining Beds by Modified Hantush Method

D6029 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Hydraulic Properties of a Confined Aquifer and a Leaky Confining Bed with Negligible Storage by the Hantush-Jacob Method

D6312 Guide for Developing Appropriate Statistical Approaches for Ground-Water Detection Monitoring Programs

D6910/D6910M Test Method for Marsh Funnel Viscosity of Clay Construction Slurries

D6913 Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis

D7099 Terminology Relating to Frozen Soil and Rock

D7382 Test Methods for Determination of Maximum Dry Unit Weight and Water Content Range for Effective Compaction of Granular Soils Using a Vibrating Hammer

E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method

Keywords

Contained fluids; Engineering criteria/design--soil/rock/related materials; Rock materials/properties/analysis; Soil; Stone; Terminology--soil/rock/related materials;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 01.040.13 (Environment and health protection. Safety (Vocabularies)); 13.080.01 (Soil quality in general)

DOI: 10.1520/D0653-11

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ASTM D653