1. Scope

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of basic constituents in petroleum products and new and used lubricants. This test method resolves these constituents into groups having weak-base and strong-base ionization properties, provided the dissociation constants of the more strongly basic compounds are at least 1000 times than that of the next weaker groups. This test method covers base numbers up to 250.

1.2 In new and used lubricants, the constituents that can be considered to have basic properties are primarily organic and inorganic bases, including amino compounds. This test method uses hydrochloric acid as the titrant, whereas Test Method D 2896 uses perchloric acid as the titrant. This test method may or may not titrate these weak bases and, if so, it will titrate them to a lesser degree of completion; some additives such as inhibitors or detergents may show basic characteristics.

1.3 When testing used engine lubricants, it should be recognized that certain weak bases are the result of the service rather than having been built into the oil. This test method can be used to indicate relative changes that occur in oil during use under oxidizing or other service conditions regardless of the color or other properties of the resulting oil. The values obtained, however, are intended to be compared with the other values obtained by this test method only; base numbers obtained by this test method are not intended to be equal to values by other test methods. Although the analysis is made under closely specified conditions, this test method is not intended to, and does not, result in reported basic properties that can be used under all service conditions to predict performance of an oil; for example, no overall relationship is known between bearing corrosion or the control of corrosive wear in the engine and base number.

1.4 This test method was developed as an alternative for the former base number portion of Test Method D 664 (last published in Test Method D 664 81).

1.4.1 Colorimetric test methods for base number are Test Method D 974 , IP 139, and 5102.1 on acid and base number by extraction (color-indicator titration) of Federal Test Method Standard No. 791b. Test results by these methods may or may not be numerically equivalent to this test method.

1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration

D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration

D1193 Specification for Reagent Water

D2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration

D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products

D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products

IP Standard

U.S. Federal Test Method

Keywords

base number; lubricants; petroleum products; potentiometric titration: Used petroleum products; Acidity, alkalinity, pH--petroleum products; Chloroform; Fuel oils; Isopropyl alcohol; Lubricants (fluid); Lubricating oils; Oxidation testing--petroleum products; Petroleum additives; Potentiometric titration; Strong base number; Toluene--petroleum products;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 71.040.40 (Chemical analysis)

DOI: 10.1520/D4739-08

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