Content Description
In support of ASME B31J and B31H standards, physical testing for stress intensification factors (SIFs),
flexibility factors (k?Factors), and sustained stress indices (SSIs) can be used to confirm differences
between the Markl and Hinnant curves in the low?cycle ranges and finite element predictions of fatigue,
stiffness, collapse and burst.
Improvement in analytical capability since the 1950s (when Markl developed the basic rules in the B31
piping codes used today) has improved the ability to numerically predict stress states. Unfortunately, not
all piping components are well defined geometrically or dimensionally in ASME standard documents.
Large D/T (ratio of mean header diameter to header nominal thickness) and d/D (ratio of mean branch diameter to mean header diameter) failures involve nonlinear characteristics that may not be well represented by elastic analyses. In these cases, verification by test is considered essential to verify the predicted values and the method of analysis considered.
This publication documents the results of phase II of work undertaken to investigate deficiencies in the existing test data sets identified during the data collection effort from ST-LLC Publication STP-PT-073.
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About ASME
ASME is a not-for-profit membership organization that enables collaboration, knowledge sharing, career enrichment, and skills development across all engineering disciplines, toward a goal of helping the global engineering community develop solutions to benefit lives and livelihoods. Founded in 1880 by a small group of leading industrialists, ASME has grown through the decades to include more than 130,000 members in 158 countries. Thirty-thousand of these members are students.
From college students and early-career engineers to project managers, corporate executives, researchers and academic leaders, ASME's members are as diverse as the engineering community itself. ASME serves this wide-ranging technical community through quality programs in continuing education, training and professional development, codes and standards, research, conferences and publications, government relations and other forms of outreach.