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NFPA 72: National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, 2025
- Important Notices and Disclaimers
- Additional Important Notices and Disclaimers
- Chapter 1 Administration [Go to Page]
- 1.1 Scope.
- 1.2 Purpose.
- 1.3 Application.
- 1.4 Retroactivity.
- 1.5 Equivalency.
- 1.6 Units and Formulas.
- 1.7 Code Adoption Requirements.
- Chapter 2 Referenced Publications [Go to Page]
- 2.1 General.
- 2.2 NFPA Publications.
- 2.3 Other Publications.
- 2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections.
- Chapter 3 Definitions [Go to Page]
- 3.1 General.
- 3.2 NFPA Official Definitions.
- 3.3 General Definitions.
- Chapter 4 Reserved
- Chapter 5 Reserved
- Chapter 6 Reserved
- Chapter 7 Documentation [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Application.
- 7.2 Minimum Required Documentation.
- 7.3 Design (Layout) Documentation.
- 7.4 Shop Drawings (Installation Documentation).
- 7.5 Completion Documentation.
- 7.6 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance Documentation.
- 7.7 Records, Record Retention, and Record Maintenance.
- 7.8 Forms.
- Chapter 8 Reserved
- Chapter 9 Reserved
- Chapter 10 Fundamentals [Go to Page]
- 10.1 Application.
- 10.2 Purpose.
- 10.3 Equipment.
- 10.4 Design and Installation.
- 10.5 Personnel Qualifications.
- 10.6 Power Supplies.
- 10.7 Signal Priority.
- 10.8 Detection and Signaling of Conditions.
- 10.9 Responses.
- 10.10 Distinctive Signals.
- 10.11 Alarm Signals.
- 10.12 Fire Alarm Notification Appliance Deactivation.
- 10.13 Carbon Monoxide Notification Appliance Deactivation.
- 10.14 Supervisory Signals.
- 10.15 Trouble Signals.
- 10.16 Emergency Control Function Status Indicators.
- 10.17 Notification Appliance Circuits and Supervised Notification Appliance Control Circuits.
- 10.18 Annunciation and Annunciation Zoning.
- 10.19 Monitoring Integrity of In-Building Fire Emergency Voice/Alarm Communications Systems.
- 10.20 Documentation and Notification.
- 10.21 Impairments.
- 10.22 Unwanted Alarms.
- Chapter 11 Cybersecurity [Go to Page]
- 11.1 Cybersecurity Provisions.
- 11.2 Network Connectable Equipment Software Development and Production Environments.
- 11.3 Security Levels for Network Connectable Equipment.
- 11.4 Interconnecting Conductors, Cables, or Other Physical Pathways.
- 11.5 Network Connectable Equipment Using Shared Pathways.
- 11.6 Unused Physical Data Ports.
- 11.7 Data Connections to External Networks.
- 11.8 Network Connectable Equipment Cybersecurity Software Updates.
- 11.9 Notification of Termination of Cybersecurity Update Support.
- 11.10 Cybersecurity for System Support Tools.
- 11.11 Evidence of Compliance.
- 11.12 Documentation.
- Chapter 12 Circuits and Pathways [Go to Page]
- 12.1 Application.
- 12.2 General.
- 12.3 Pathway Class Designations.
- 12.4 Pathway Survivability.
- 12.5 Shared Pathway Designations.
- 12.6 Monitoring Integrity and Circuit Performance of Installation Conductors and Other Signaling Channels.
- 12.7 Nomenclature.
- Chapter 13 Reserved
- Chapter 14 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance [Go to Page]
- 14.1 Application.
- 14.2 General.
- 14.3 Inspection.
- 14.4 Testing.
- 14.5 Maintenance.
- 14.6 Records.
- Chapter 15 Reserved
- Chapter 16 Reserved
- Chapter 17 Initiating Devices [Go to Page]
- 17.1 Application.
- 17.2 Purpose.
- 17.3 Performance-Based Design.
- 17.4 General Requirements.
- 17.5 Requirements for Smoke and Heat Detectors.
- 17.6 Heat-Sensing Fire Detectors.
- 17.7 Smoke-Sensing Fire Detectors.
- 17.8 Radiant -Energy–-Sensing Fire Detectors.
- 17.9 Combination, Multi-Criteria, and Multi-Sensor Detectors.
- 17.10 Gas Detection.
- 17.11 Acoustic Leak Detection.
- 17.12 Thermal Image Fire Detection.
- 17.13 Other Fire Detectors.
- 17.14 Carbon Monoxide Detectors.
- 17.15 Sprinkler Waterflow Alarm-Initiating Devices.
- 17.16 Detection of Operation of Other Automatic Extinguishing Systems.
- 17.17 Manually Actuated Alarm-Initiating Devices.
- 17.18 Fire Extinguisher Electronic Monitoring Device.
- 17.19 Supervisory -Signal–-Initiating Devices.
- Chapter 18 Notification Appliances [Go to Page]
- 18.1 Application.
- 18.2 Purpose.
- 18.3 General.
- 18.4 Audible Characteristics.
- 18.5 Visual Characteristics — Public Mode.
- 18.6 Visual Characteristics — Private Mode.
- 18.7 Supplementary Visual Signaling Method.
- 18.8 Textual Audible Appliances.
- 18.9 Textual and Graphical Visual Appliances.
- 18.10 Tactile Appliances.
- Chapter 19 Reserved
- Chapter 20 Reserved
- Chapter 21 Emergency Control Function Interfaces [Go to Page]
- 21.1 Application.
- 21.2 General.
- 21.3 Elevator Phase I Emergency Recall Operation.
- 21.4 Elevator Power Shutdown.
- 21.5 Fire Service Access Elevators.
- 21.6 Occupant Evacuation Elevators (OEE).
- 21.7 Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Systems.
- 21.8 High Volume Low Speed (HVLS) Fans.
- 21.9 Door and Shutter Release.
- 21.10 Electrically Locked Doors.
- 21.11 Exit Marking Audible Notification Systems.
- Chapter 22 Reserved
- Chapter 23 Protected Premises Alarm and Signaling Systems [Go to Page]
- 23.1 Application.
- 23.2 General.
- 23.3 System Features.
- 23.4 System Performance and Integrity.
- 23.5 Performance of Initiating Device Circuits (IDCs).
- 23.6 Performance of Signaling Line Circuits (SLCs).
- 23.7 Performance of Notification Appliance Circuits (NACs).
- 23.8 System Requirements.
- 23.9 In-Building Emergency Voice/Alarm Communications.
- 23.10 Fire Alarm Systems Using Tone.
- 23.11 Suppression System Actuation.
- 23.12 Off-Premises Signals.
- 23.13 Guard’s Tour Supervisory Service.
- 23.14 Suppressed (Exception Reporting) Signal System.
- 23.15 Protected Premises Emergency Control Functions.
- 23.16 Special Requirements for Low-Power Radio (Wireless) Systems.
- Chapter 24 Emergency Communications Systems (ECSs) [Go to Page]
- 24.1 Application.
- 24.2 Purpose.
- 24.3 General.
- 24.4 In-Building Fire Emergency Voice/Alarm Communications Systems (EVACS).
- 24.5 In-Building Mass Notification Systems.
- 24.6 Wide-Area Mass Notification Systems.
- 24.7 Distributed Recipient Mass Notification Systems (DRMNS).
- 24.8 Two-Way, In-Building Wired Emergency Services Communications Systems.
- 24.9 Two-Way Radio CommunicationsEmergency Responder Communication Enhancement Systems.
- 24.10 Two-Way Emergency Communications Systems for Rescue Assistance.
- 24.11 Information, Command, and Control.
- 24.12 Performance-Based Design of Mass Notification Systems.
- 24.13 Documentation for Emergency Communications SystemsECSs.
- Chapter 25 Reserved
- Chapter 26 Supervising Station Alarm Systems [Go to Page]
- 26.1 Application.
- 26.2 General.
- 26.3 Central Station Service Alarm Systems.
- 26.4 Proprietary Supervising Station Alarm Systems.
- 26.5 Remote Supervising Station Alarm Systems.
- 26.6 Communications Methods for Supervising Station Alarm Systems.
- Chapter 27 Public Emergency Alarm Reporting Systems [Go to Page]
- 27.1 Application.
- 27.2 General.
- 27.3 Management and Maintenance.
- 27.4 Communications Methods.
- 27.5 Alarm Processing Equipment.
- 27.6 Alarm Boxes.
- 27.7 Public Cable Plant.
- 27.8 Emergency Communications Systems (ECS).
- Chapter 28 Reserved
- Chapter 29 Single- and Multiple-Station Alarms and Household Signaling Systems [Go to Page]
- 29.1 Application.
- 29.2 Purpose.
- 29.3 Basic Requirements.
- 29.4 Remote Annunciation.
- 29.5 Notification.
- 29.6 Assumptions.
- 29.7 Carbon Monoxide Detection.
- 29.8 Detection and Notification.
- 29.9 Power Supplies.
- 29.10 Equipment Performance.
- 29.11 Installation.
- 29.12 Optional Functions.
- 29.13 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance.
- 29.14 Markings and Instructions.
- Annex A Explanatory Material
- Annex B Engineering Guide for Automatic Fire Detector Spacing
- Annex C System Performance and Design Guide
- Annex D Speech Intelligibility
- Annex E Sample Ordinance Adopting NFPA 72
- Annex F Wiring Diagrams and Guide for Testing Fire Alarm Circuits
- Annex G Guidelines for Emergency Communication Strategies for Buildings and Campuses
- Annex H Carbon Monoxide
- Annex I Color-Coded Tagging Program
- Annex J Informational References [Go to Page]