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IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks— Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs)—Amendment 5: Physical Layer Specifications for Low Energy, Critical Infrastructure Monitoring Networks., 2013
- IEEE Std 802.14k-2013 Front Cover
- Title page
- Notice to Users
[Go to Page]
- Laws and regulations
- Copyrights
- Updating of IEEE documents
- Errata
- Patents
- Participants
- Introduction
- Contents
- Important Notice
- 3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations [Go to Page]
- 3.1 Definitions
- 3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations
- 4. General description [Go to Page]
- 4.3 Network topologies [Go to Page]
- 4.3.1 Star network formation
- 4.5 Functional overview [Go to Page]
- 4.5.1 Superframe structure [Go to Page]
- 4.5.1.1 General
- 4.5.4 Improving probability of successful delivery [Go to Page]
- 4.5.4.1a CSMA-CA used with PCA
- 4.5.4.2 ALOHA mechanism
- 4.5.4.2a MPDU fragmentation
- 4.5.4.3 Frame acknowledgment
- 4.5.4.3a Fragment incremental acknowledgment (I-ACK)
- 4.5.4.4 Data verification
- 5. MAC protocol [Go to Page]
- 5.1 MAC functional description [Go to Page]
- 5.1.1 Channel access [Go to Page]
- 5.1.1.4 CSMA-CA algorithm [Go to Page]
- 5.1.1.4.5 CSMA-CA with PCA
- 5.1.1.4a LECIM ALOHA PCA
- 5.1.6 Transmission, reception, and acknowledgment [Go to Page]
- 5.1.6.1 Transmission
- 5.1.6.2 Reception and rejection
- 5.1.6.4 Use of acknowledgments and retransmissions [Go to Page]
- 5.1.6.4.2 Acknowledgment
- 5.1.8 Ranging [Go to Page]
- 5.1.8.4 The ranging exchange
- 5.1.8a PHY parameter change notification procedure [Go to Page]
- 5.1.8a.1 Signaling using beacon frames
- 5.1.8a.2 Signaling using multipurpose frames
- 5.1.10 Deterministic and synchronous multi-channel extension (DSME) [Go to Page]
- 5.1.10.1 DSME multi-superframe structure
- 5.1.10.5 DSME-GTS allocation and management [Go to Page]
- 5.1.10.5.1 DSME-GTS allocation
- 5.1.10.5.3 DSME-GTS expiration
- 5.1.11 LE-transmission, reception, and acknowledgment [Go to Page]
- 5.1.11.0 LE transmission, reception, and acknowledgment with positive handshake [Go to Page]
- 5.1.11.1.2 CSL idle listening
- 5.1.11.1.3 CSL transmission
- 5.1.11.1.4 Unicast transmission
- 5.1.11.1.5 Broadcast transmission
- 5.1.11.3 Implicit receiver initiated transmission (I-RIT)
- 5.2 MAC frame formats [Go to Page]
- 5.2.1 General MAC frame format [Go to Page]
- 5.2.1.1 Frame Control field [Go to Page]
- 5.2.1.1.1 Frame Type field
- 5.2.1.1.3 Frame Pending field
- 5.2.2 Format of individual frame types [Go to Page]
- 5.2.2.1 Beacon frame format [Go to Page]
- 5.2.2.1.1a Information Elements field
- 5.2.2.8 LE-multipurpose Wake-up frame [Go to Page]
- 5.2.2.8.1 General
- 5.2.4 Information element [Go to Page]
- 5.2.4.2 Header information elements [Go to Page]
- 0x1d
- 2
- RZ Time
- As Ddefined in 5.2.4.10
- 0x21
- Extended DSME PAN Descriptor
- As defined in 5.2.4.9a
- MPDU Fragment Sequence Context Description
- As defined in 5.2.4.25
- Simplified Superframe Specification
- As defined in 5.2.4.26
- Simplified GTS Specification
- As defined in 5.2.4.27
- LECIM Capabilities
- As defined in 5.2.4.28
- TRLE Descriptor
- As defined in S.5.1.1
- 5.2.4.5 MLME information elements
- 5.2.4.7 LE CSL IE [Go to Page]
- 5.2.4.9.5 Group ACK specification
- 5.2.4.9a Extended DSME PAN descriptor IE
- 5.2.4.10 Rendezvous Time IE
- 5.2.4.21 Unmanaged ID space IEs
- 5.2.4.21a LECIM PCA Allocation Specification IE
- 5.2.4.24 O-QPSK PHY Operating Mode Description IE
- 5.2.4.25 MPDU Fragment Sequence Context Description IE [Go to Page]
- 5.2.4.25.1 Fragment Tx Option field
- 5.2.4.25.2 Secure Fragment field
- 5.2.4.25.3 TID field
- 5.2.4.25.4 I-ACK Policy field
- 5.2.4.25.5 TID Extension field
- 5.2.4.25.6 MPDU Size/Success Threshold field
- 5.2.4.25.7 Addressing Information field
- 5.2.4.25.8 TID Extension Parameters field
- 5.2.4.25.9 Addressing field
- 5.2.4.25.10 MPDU Counter field
- 5.2.4.25.11 PHY-dependent Parameters field
- 5.2.4.26 Simplified Superframe Specification IE
- 5.2.4.27 Simplified GTS Specification IE
- 5.2.4.28 LECIM Capabilities IE
- 5.2.4.29 Operating Mode Description IEs [Go to Page]
- 5.2.4.29.1 DSSS Operating Mode Description IE
- 5.2.4.29.2 FSK Operating Mode Description IE
- 5.3 MAC command frames [Go to Page]
- 5.3.11 DSME-commands [Go to Page]
- 5.3.11.2 DSME-Association request command [Go to Page]
- 5.3.11.2.2 Capability Information field
- 5.3.11.2.4 Channel Offset field
- 5.3.11.2.5 Extended DSME-GTS Allocation field
- 5.3.11.3 DSME-Association response command [Go to Page]
- 5.3.11.3.4 Hopping Sequence Length field
- 5.3.11.3.5 Hopping Sequence field
- 5.3.11.3.6 Allocation Order field
- 5.3.11.3.7 BI Index field
- 5.3.11.3.8 Superframe ID field
- 5.3.11.3.9 Slot ID field
- 5.3.11.3.10 Channel Index field
- 5.3.11.4 DSME-GTS request command [Go to Page]
- 5.3.11.4.1 General
- 5.3.11.4.7 DSMESABSpecification field
- 5.3.11.4.8 Allocation Order field
- 5.3.11.5 DSME-GTS reply command [Go to Page]
- 5.3.11.5.1 General
- 5.3.11.5.6 DSMESABSpecfication fields
- 5.3.11.5.7 Allocation Order field
- 5.3.11.5.8 BI Index field
- 5.3.11.5.9 Superframe ID field
- 5.3.11.5.10 Slot ID field
- 5.3.11.5.11 Channel Index field
- 5.3.13.3.2 Channel Probe Specification Field
- 5.4 MPDU fragmentation [Go to Page]
- 5.4.1 MPDU fragmentation and reassembly [Go to Page]
- 5.4.1.1 Fragment sequence context
- 5.4.1.2 Fragment format
- 5.4.1.3 Fragmentation
- 5.4.1.4 Reassembly
- 5.4.2 Fragment acknowledgment and retransmission [Go to Page]
- 5.4.2.1 I-ACK [Go to Page]
- 5.4.2.1.1 I-ACK overview
- 5.4.2.1.2 I-ACK format [Go to Page]
- I-ACK Content
- Link Quality Indication
- Fragments Received
- (Set 0–Set 3)
- b0
- b1
- b2
- b3
- 6. MAC services [Go to Page]
- 6.2 MAC management service [Go to Page]
- 6.2.2 Association primitives [Go to Page]
- 6.2.2.1 MLME-ASSOCIATE.request [Go to Page]
- DSMEAssociationType,
- Direction,
- AllocationOrder,
- HoppingSequenceRequest
- 6.2.2.2 MLME-ASSOCIATE.indication [Go to Page]
- DSMEAssociationType,
- Direction,
- AllocationOrder,
- HoppingSequenceRequest
- 6.2.2.3 MLME-ASSOCIATE.response [Go to Page]
- DSMEAssociationType,
- AllocationOrder,
- BIIndex,
- SuperframeID,
- SlotID,
- ChannelIndex,
- HoppingSequenceLength,
- HoppingSequence
- 6.2.2.4 MLME-ASSOCIATE.confirm [Go to Page]
- DSMEAssociationType,
- AllocationOrder,
- BIIndex,
- SuperframeID,
- SlotID,
- ChannelIndex,
- HoppingSequenceLength,
- HoppingSequence
- 6.2.4 Communications notification primitives [Go to Page]
- 6.2.4.1 MLME-BEACON-NOTIFY.indication
- 6.2.21 Primitives for DSME [Go to Page]
- 6.2.21.1 Primitives for DSME-GTS management [Go to Page]
- 6.2.21.1.1 MLME-DSME-GTS.request [Go to Page]
- AllocationOrder
- 6.2.21.1.2 MLME-DSME-GTS.indication [Go to Page]
- AllocationOrder
- 6.2.21.1.3 MLME-DSME-GTS.response [Go to Page]
- AllocationOrder
- BIIndex,
- SuperframeID,
- SlotID,
- ChannelIndex
- 6.2.21.1.4 MLME-DSME-GTS.confirm [Go to Page]
- AllocationOrder
- BIIndex,
- SuperframeID,
- SlotID,
- ChannelIndex
- 6.2.21.3.4 MLME-DSME-LINKSTATUSRPT message sequence charts
- 6.2.22 Operating parameter change primitives [Go to Page]
- 6.2.22.1 MLME-PHY-OP-SWITCH.request [Go to Page]
- MLME-PHY-OP-SWITCH.request (
- DeviceAddrMode,
- DeviceAddr,
- PHYParameterList,
- TxIndirect,
- TargetTime,
- SignalMethod,
- RepeatCount,
- RepeatInterval,
- SecurityLevel,
- KeyIdMode,
- KeySource,
- KeyIndex
- )
- 6.2.22.2 MLME-PHY-OP-SWITCH.confirm [Go to Page]
- MLME-PHY-OP-SWITCH.confirm (
- status,
- DeviceAddrMode,
- DeviceAddress
- )
- 6.2.22.3 MLME-PHY-OP-SWITCH.indication [Go to Page]
- MLME-PHY-OP-SWITCH.indication (
- DeviceAddrMode,
- DeviceAddress,
- PHYParameterList,
- TargetTime,
- NotificationTime,
- LocalTime,
- SecurityLevel,
- KeyIdMode,
- KeySource,
- KeyIndex
- )
- 6.3 MAC data service [Go to Page]
- 6.3.1 MCPS-DATA.request [Go to Page]
- IACKPolicy,
- CriticalEventMessage
- 6.3.2 MCPS-DATA.confirm
- 6.4 MAC constants and PIB attributes [Go to Page]
- 6.4.1 MAC constants
- 6.4.2 MAC PIB attributes
- 6.4.3 Calculating PHY dependent MAC PIB values [Go to Page]
- 6.4.3.2 General MAC PIB attributes for functional organization
- 6.4.3.4 MAC PIB attributes for hopping sequence
- 6.4.3.6 DSME-specific MAC PIB attributes
- 6.4.3.7 LE-specific MAC PIB attributes
- 8. General PHY requirements [Go to Page]
- 8.1 General requirements and definitions [Go to Page]
- 8.1.1 Operating frequency range
- 8.1.2 Channel assignments [Go to Page]
- 8.1.2.1 Channel numbering for 780 MHz band
- 8.1.2.2 Channel numbering for 868 MHz, 915 MHz, and 2450 MHz bands
- 8.1.2.3 Channel numbering for 950 MHz PHYs
- 8.1.2.12 Channel numbering for LECIM PHYs [Go to Page]
- 8.1.2.12.1 Channel numbering for LECIM DSSS PHY
- 8.1.2.12.2 Channel numbering for LECIM FSK PHY
- 8.1.7 Receiver sensitivity definitions
- 8.2 General radio specifications [Go to Page]
- 8.2.1 TX-to-RX turnaround time
- 8.2.2 RX-to-TX turnaround time
- 9. PHY services [Go to Page]
- 9.2 PHY constants
- 9.3 PHY PIB attributes
- 9.4 PHY PIB attribute values for phyMaxFrameDuration and phySHRDuration
- 19. LECIM PHYs [Go to Page]
- 19.1 DSSS PHY specification [Go to Page]
- 19.1.1 PPDU format for DSSS [Go to Page]
- Preamble
- SFD
- PSDU
- SHR
- PHY payload
- 0
- Not present
- Not present
- 16
- 0011 1111 0101 1001
- 0011 1000
- 32
- 0000 1111 1101 1011 0110 0111 0010 1010
- 1000 0100
- 19.1.2 Modulation and spreading [Go to Page]
- 19.1.2.1 Data rate
- 19.1.2.2 Reference modulator diagram
- 19.1.2.3 Convolutional forward error correction (FEC) encoding
- 19.1.2.4 Interleaver [Go to Page]
- 19.1.2.4.1 256-bit fragment size
- 19.1.2.4.2 384-bit fragment size
- 19.1.2.4.3 512-bit fragment size
- 19.1.2.5 Differential encoding
- 19.1.2.6 Bit-to-symbol and symbol-to-chip encoding [Go to Page]
- 19.1.2.6.1 Gold code generator
- 19.1.2.6.2 Orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) code generator [Go to Page]
- 0
- 0
- 1
- 0
- 0
- 2
- 1
- 1
- 3
- 1
- 3
- 4
- 0
- 6
- 0 0 0
- 0
- 0
- 1
- 0 0 1
- V2
- 1
- –1
- 0 1 0
- V1
- 0
- 1
- 0 1 1
- 1
- –1
- 1 0 0
- V0
- 1
- –1
- 1 0 1
- 0
- 1
- 1 1 0
- 1
- –1
- 1 1 1
- 0
- 1
- 19.1.2.7 BPSK/O-QPSK modulation [Go to Page]
- 19.1.2.7.1 BPSK modulation
- 19.1.2.7.2 O-QPSK modulation
- 19.1.3 DSSS PHY RF requirements [Go to Page]
- 19.1.3.1 Radio frequency tolerance
- 19.1.3.2 Channel switch time
- 19.1.3.3 Transmit spectral mask
- 19.1.3.4 Receiver sensitivity [Go to Page]
- –115
- –112
- –110
- –109
- –108
- –118
- –115
- –113
- –112
- –111
- –121
- –118
- –116
- –115
- –114
- –124
- –121
- –119
- –118
- –117
- –127
- –124
- –122
- –121
- –120
- –130
- –127
- –125
- –124
- –123
- –133
- –130
- –128
- –127
- –126
- –136
- –133
- –131
- –130
- –129
- –139
- –136
- –134
- –133
- –132
- –142
- –139
- –137
- –136
- –135
- –145
- –142
- –140
- –139
- –138
- –148
- –145
- –143
- –142
- –141
- 19.1.3.5 Receiver interference rejection [Go to Page]
- 10 dB
- 30 dB
- 19.1.3.6 TX-to-RX turnaround time
- 19.1.3.7 RX-to-TX turnaround time
- 19.1.3.8 Transmit power
- 19.2 FSK PHY specification [Go to Page]
- 19.2.1 PPDU format for FSK [Go to Page]
- Preamble
- SFD
- As defined in 19.2.1.3
- PSDU
- SHR
- PHR
- PHY payload
- 19.2.1.1 Preamble field
- 19.2.1.2 SFD [Go to Page]
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 0111 0000
- 1110 1110
- 1101 0010
- 19.2.1.3 PHR [Go to Page]
- 0–1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5–15
- R1–R0
- Parity
- FCS
- DW
- L10–L0
- Reserved
- Parity
- FCS Type
- Data Whitening
- Frame Length
- 19.2.1.4 PSDU field
- 19.2.2 Modulation and coding for FSK [Go to Page]
- 19.2.2.1 Reference modulator diagram
- 19.2.2.2 Bit-to-symbol mapping [Go to Page]
- 0
- –fdev
- 0
- 1
- +fdev
- 0
- 00
- –fdev
- 0
- 01
- –fdev
- Ts
- 10
- +fdev
- 0
- 11
- +fdev
- Ts
- 19.2.2.3 Modulation quality [Go to Page]
- 19.2.2.3.1 Frequency deviation tolerance
- 19.2.2.3.2 Zero crossing tolerance
- 19.2.2.4 Forward error correction
- 19.2.2.5 Code-bit interleaving [Go to Page]
- PHR
- 4
- PSDU
- 6
- 19.2.2.6 Spreading [Go to Page]
- ALTERNATING_ 1/0
- 2
- ALTERNATING_ 1/0
- 4
- ALTERNATING_ 1/0
- 8
- ALTERNATING_ 1/0
- 16
- NON_ALTERNA TING
- 2
- NON_ALTERNA TING
- 4
- NON_ALTERNA TING
- 8
- NON_ALTERNA TING
- 16
- 19.2.3 Data whitening for FSK
- 19.2.4 FSK PHY RF requirements [Go to Page]
- 19.2.4.1 Operating frequency range
- 19.2.4.2 Radio frequency tolerance
- 19.2.4.3 Channel switch time
- 19.2.4.4 Transmit spectral mask
- 19.2.4.5 Receiver sensitivity
- 19.2.4.6 TX-to-RX turnaround time
- 19.2.4.7 RX-to-TX turnaround time
- 19.2.4.8 Transmit power
- Annex A (informative) Bibliography
- Annex D (informative) Protocol implementation conformance statement (PICS) proforma [Go to Page]
- D.2 Abbreviations and special symbols
- D.7 PICS proforma tables [Go to Page]
- D.7.1 Functional device types
- D.7.2 Major capabilities for the PHY [Go to Page]
- D.7.2.2 Radio frequency (RF)
- D.7.3 Major capabilities for the MAC sublayer [Go to Page]
- D.7.3.1 MAC sublayer functions
- Annex Q (informative) Low energy, critical infrastructure monitoring systems [Go to Page]
- Q.1 Introduction [Go to Page]
- Q.1.1 LECIM characteristics
- Q.1.2 Use case examples [Go to Page]
- Q.1.2.1 Oil and gas pipeline monitoring
- Q.1.2.2 Water leak detection
- Q.1.2.3 Soil monitoring
- Q.1.2.4 Inventory control - event driven with query
- Q.1.2.5 Building monitoring - time and event driven data with query
- Q.1.3 LECIM behaviors [Go to Page]
- Q.1.3.1 Commissioning
- Q.1.3.2 Low energy
- Q.1.3.3 Coverage extension
- Q.1.3.4 Device sensitivity and interference robustness
- Q.2 Functionality added [Go to Page]
- Q.2.1 DSSS
- Q.2.2 FSK
- Q.2.3 Fragmentation
- Q.2.4 Frame priority
- Q.2.5 TRLE
- Q.2.6 PIB attributes
- Q.2.7 IEs
- Q.2.8 PHY parameter changes for fragment sequence exchange
- Annex R (informative) Example results from 384-bit LECIM DSSS PHY blocked interleaver [Go to Page]
- R.1 Introduction
- Annex S (normative) Time-slot relaying based link extension (TRLE) [Go to Page]
- S.1 General
- S.2 Link extension for a beacon-enabled PAN
- S.3 Link extension for the non-TRLE PAN [Go to Page]
- S.3.1 TRLE PAN relay association and disassociation
- S.3.2 Frame filtering in relaying mode
- S.3.3 One-hop relaying
- S.4 Link extension for the TRLE-enabled PAN [Go to Page]
- S.4.1 TRLE-enabled PAN
- S.4.2 Starting a TRLE-enabled PAN
- S.4.3 TRLE relaying path formation
- S.4.4 Multi-hop relaying
- S.4.5 TRLE path maintenance
- S.4.6 Multiple grades of link access
- S.5 MAC services for the TRLE-enabled PAN [Go to Page]
- S.5.1 TRLE information elements [Go to Page]
- S.5.1.1 TRLE Descriptor IE
- S.5.2 TRLE commands [Go to Page]
- S.5.2.1 TRLE-Management request command [Go to Page]
- S.5.2.1.1 MHR fields
- S.5.2.1.2 Management Type field
- S.5.2.1.3 Timestamp field
- S.5.2.1.4 Beacon Bitmap field
- S.5.2.1.5 Number of Slots field
- S.5.2.1.6 Relaying Path List field [Go to Page]
- PAN Relay List Count
- PAN Relay List
- S.5.2.2 TRLE-Management response command [Go to Page]
- MHR fields
- (5.2.2.4.1)
- Command Frame Identifier
- (Table 5)
- Management Type
- (Table S.1)
- Management
- Status
- Timestamp
- Sync Relaying
- Offset
- . . .
- . . .
- Bidirectional Device
- Slot List
- Device
- Descriptor
- Relaying
- Path List
- (S.5.2.1.6)
- S.5.2.2.1 MHR fields
- S.5.2.2.2 Management Type field
- S.5.2.2.3 Management Status field
- S.5.2.2.4 Timestamp field
- S.5.2.2.5 Sync Relaying Offset field
- S.5.2.2.6 Bidirectional Device Slot List field [Go to Page]
- Bidirectional Device Slot List Count
- Bidirectional Device Slot
- Slot ID
- Superframe ID
- S.5.2.2.7 Device Descriptor field [Go to Page]
- Device
- Address
- Relaying Tier
- Identifier
- Sync Relaying
- Offset
- Inner PAN
- Relay Address
- Inner Relaying
- Offset
- Primary
- Device Slot
- Descriptor
- Beacon Bitmap
- (5.2.4.9.3)
- S.5.2.2.8 Relaying Path List field
- S.5.3 Primitives for managing the TRLE-enabled PAN [Go to Page]
- S.5.3.1 MLME-TRLE-MANAGEMENT.request [Go to Page]
- MLME-TRLE-MANAGEMENT.request (
- ManagementType,
- DstAddrMode,
- DstAddr,
- TxGrade,
- NumPrioritizedDeviceSlot,
- NumCoordSlot,
- NumBidirectionalDeviceSlot,
- SrcRelayingTier,
- BeaconBitmap,
- InnerRelayingOffset,
- SyncRelayingOffset,
- SecurityLevel,
- KeyIdMode,
- KeySource,
- KeyIndex
- )
- S.5.3.2 MLME-TRLE-MANAGEMENT.indication [Go to Page]
- MLME-TRLE-MANAGEMENT.indication (
- ManagementType,
- SrcAddrMode,
- SrcAddr,
- TxGrade,
- Timestamp
- BeaconBitmap,
- NumBiDirectionalDeviceSlot,
- RelayingPathList,
- SecurityLevel,
- KeyIdMode,
- KeySource,
- KeyIndex
- )
- S.5.3.3 MLME-TRLE-MANAGEMENT.response [Go to Page]
- MLME-TRLE-MANAGEMENT.response (
- ManagementType,
- DstAddrMode,
- DstAddr,
- TxGrade,
- status,
- NumPrioritizedDeviceSlot,
- NumCoordSlot,
- NumBidirectionalDeviceSlot,
- SyncRelayingOffset,
- BidirectionalDeviceSlotList,
- DeviceDescriptor,
- RelayingPathList,
- SecurityLevel,
- KeyIdMode,
- KeySource,
- KeyIndex
- )
- S.5.3.4 MLME-TRLE-MANAGEMENT.confirm [Go to Page]
- MLME-TRLE-MANAGEMENT.confirm (
- ManagementType,
- SrcAddrMode,
- SrcAddr,
- status,
- Timestamp,
- NumPrioritizedDeviceSlot,
- NumCoordSlot,
- SyncRelayingOffset,
- NumBidirectionalDeviceSlot,
- BidirectionalDeviceSlotList,
- DeviceDescriptor,
- RelayingPathList,
- SecurityLevel,
- KeyIdMode,
- KeySource,
- KeyIndex
- )
- S.5.4 TRLE specific MAC PIB attributes [Go to Page]