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PD IEC TS 62903:2023 Ultrasonics. Measurements of electroacoustical parameters and acoustic output power of spherically curved transducers using the self-reciprocity method, 2023
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- CONTENTS
- FOREWORD
- INTRODUCTION
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions
- 4 Symbols
- 5 General
- 6 Requirements of the measurement system [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Apparatus configuration
- 6.2 Measurement water tank
- 6.3 Fixing, positioning and orientation systems
- 6.4 Reflector
- 6.5 Current monitor (probe)
- 6.6 Oscilloscope
- 6.7 Measurement hydrophone
- 7 Measurement of the effective half-aperture of the spherically curved transducer [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Setup
- 7.2 Alignment and positioning of the hydrophone in the field
- 7.3 Measurements of the beamwidth and the effective half-aperture
- 7.4 Calculations of the focus half-angle and the effective area
- 8 Measurements of the electroacoustical parameters and the acoustic output power [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Self-reciprocity method for transducer calibration [Go to Page]
- 8.1.1 Experimental procedures
- 8.1.2 Criterion for checking the linearity of the focused field
- 8.1.3 Criterion for checking the reciprocity of the transducer
- 8.2 Calculations of the transmitting response to current (voltage) and voltage sensitivity
- 8.3 Calculations of the transmitting response at geometric focus to current (voltage)
- 8.4 Calculation of the pulse-echo sensitivity level
- 8.5 Measurements of the radiation conductance and the mechanical quality factor Qm [Go to Page]
- 8.5.1 Calculations of the acoustic output power and the radiation conductance
- 8.5.2 Measurement of the frequency response of the radiation conductance
- 8.6 Measurement of the electroacoustic efficiency [Go to Page]
- 8.6.1 Calculation of the electric input power
- 8.6.2 Calculation of the electroacoustic efficiency
- 8.7 Measurement of the electric impedance (admittance)
- 9 Measurement uncertainty
- Annexes [Go to Page]
- Annex A (informative) Relation of the average amplitude reflection coefficient on a plane interface of water-stainless steel and the focus half-angle for a normally incident beam of a circular spherically curved transducer [6],[7]
- Tables [Go to Page]
- Table A.1 – Parameters used in calculation of the average amplitude reflection coefficient
- Table A.2 – Amplitude reflection coefficient r(θi) on a plane interface of water-stainless steel for plane wave for various incident angles θi
- Figures [Go to Page]
- Figure A.1 – Relation curve of the amplitude reflection coefficient r(θi) on the interface of water-stainless steel for a plane wave with the incident angle θi
- Table A.3 – Average amplitude reflection coefficient rav(β) on plane interface of water-stainless steel in the geometric focal plane of a spherically curved transducer for various focus half-angles β
- Figure A.2 – Average amplitude reflection coefficient rav(β) on the plane interface of water-stainless steel in the geometric focal plane of a spherically curved transducer plotted against the focus half-angle β
- Annex B (informative) Diffraction correction coefficient Gsf in the free-field self-reciprocity calibration method for circular spherically curved transducers in water neglecting attenuation [7],[8],[9]
- Table B.1 – Diffraction correction coefficients Gsf of a circular spherically curved transducer in the self-reciprocity calibration method [7],[8],[9]
- Annex C (informative) Calculation of the diffraction correction coefficient Gsf(R/λ,β) in the free-field self-reciprocity calibration in a non-attenuating medium for a circular spherically curved transducer [7],[8],[9],[10]
- Figure C.1 – Geometry of the concave radiating surface A of a spherically curved transducer and its virtual image surface A′ for their symmetry of mirror-images about the geometric focal plane (x,y,0)
- Annex D (informative) Speed of sound and attenuation in water [Go to Page]
- D.1 General
- D.2 Speed of sound for propagation in water [14]
- D.3 Acoustic attenuation coefficient for propagation in water
- Table D.1 – Dependence of speed of sound in water on temperature
- Table D.2 – Dependence of α /f 2 in water on temperature
- Annex E (informative) Principle of reciprocity calibration for spherically curved transducers [7],[8],[9],[16],[17],[18],[19] [Go to Page]
- E.1 Principle of reciprocity calibration for an ideal spherically focused field of a transducer
- E.2 Principle of reciprocity calibration of a real spherically focused field of a transducer
- E.3 Self-reciprocity calibration of a spherically curved transducer
- Figure E.1 – Spherical coordinates
- Figure E.2 – Function Ga(kasinθ), diffraction pattern F0(kasinθ) andF02(kasinθ) in the geometric focal plane [10]
- Table E.1 – Ga values dependent on kasinθ for β ≤ 45° where x = kasinθ (according to O'Neil [10])
- Table E.2 – The (R/λ)min values dependent on β when θmax ≥ and β ≤ 45° for Ga = 0,94; 0,95; 0,96; 0,97; 0,98; 0,99
- Annex F (informative) Experimental arrangements [Go to Page]
- F.1 Experimental arrangement for determining the effective radius of a transducer [7],[8],[9],[24]
- F.2 Experimental arrangement of the self-reciprocity calibration method for a spherically curved transducer [8],[9],[24],[25]
- Figure F.1 – Scheme of the measurement apparatus for determining the effective half-aperture of a transducer
- Figure F.2 – Scheme of free-field self-reciprocity method applied to a spherically curved transducer
- Annex G (informative) Relationships between the electroacoustical parameters used in this application [24] [Go to Page]
- G.1 Relationship between the free-field transmitting response to voltage (current) and the voltage sensitivity with the radiation conductance
- G.2 Relationship between the radiation conductance and the electroacoustic efficiency
- G.3 Relationship between the transmitting response and voltage and acoustic output power
- G.4 Relationship between the pulse echo sensitivity and the radiation conductance
- Annex H (informative) Evaluation and expression of uncertainty in the measurements of the radiation conductance [Go to Page]
- H.1 Executive standard
- H.2 Evaluation of uncertainty in the measurement of the radiation conductance [Go to Page]
- H.2.1 Mathematical expression
- H.2.2 Type A evaluation of standard uncertainty
- H.2.3 Type B evaluation of standard uncertainty
- Table H.1 – Type B evaluation of the standard uncertainties (SU) of input quantities in measurement [Go to Page]
- [Go to Page]
- H.2.4 Evaluation of the combined standard uncertainty for the radiation conductance
- Table H.2 – Components of the standard uncertainty for the measurement of the radiation conductance using the self-reciprocity method
- Table H.3 – The measurement results and evaluated data of uncertainty for five transducers
- Annex I (informative) Measurement range for power and pressure and examples of electroacoustical parameters obtained [Go to Page]
- I.1 Measurement range of acoustic pressure and power [Go to Page]
- I.1.1 Lower limit of acoustic power
- I.1.2 Upper limit of pressure [27]
- Figure I.1 – The acoustic power as the function of the excitation voltage squared for a 10 MHz spherically curved transducer with backing of diameter 8 mm and curvature 25 mm [Go to Page]
- I.2 Calibrated example of electroacoustical parameters [Go to Page]
- I.2.1 1 MHz focusing transducer with air backing of diameter 80 mm and focal length 200 mm
- Figure I.2 – Results of a 1 MHz focusing transducer with a diameter of 60 mm and focal length of 75 mm measured using the self-reciprocity method
- Figure I.3 – Frequency responses of G, |SIf|, |M|, ηa/e for a 1 MHz spherical transducer of diameter 80 mm and focal length 200 mm [Go to Page]
- [Go to Page]
- I.2.2 5 MHz focusing transducer with air backing of diameter 20 mm and focal length 20 mm
- Figure I.4 – Frequency responses of G, |SIf|, |M|, ηa/e for a 5 MHz spherical transducer of diameter 20 mm and focal length 20 mm [Go to Page]
