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PD IEC TR 61390:2022 Ultrasonics. Real-time pulse-echo systems. Test procedures to determine performance specifications, 2022
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- CONTENTS
- FOREWORD
- INTRODUCTION
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions
- Figures [Go to Page]
- Figure 1 – Beam geometry
- 4 Environmental conditions
- 5 Recommended equipment
- 6 Test methods [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Instruments [Go to Page]
- 6.1.1 General
- 6.1.2 Hydrophones
- 6.1.3 Oscilloscope or other transient recorder
- 6.1.4 Spectrum analyzer
- 6.1.5 Pulse generator
- 6.1.6 Tissue-mimicking test objects
- 6.1.7 Tank and degassed water
- 6.1.8 High or low reflective target
- 6.1.9 Target holder and/or positioning system
- 6.1.10 Computing system to run computer-assisted evaluation software
- 6.1.11 Software to evaluate quality parameters
- 6.2 Test settings [Go to Page]
- 6.2.1 General
- 6.2.2 Display settings (focus, brilliance, contrast)
- 6.2.3 Sensitivity settings (frequency, suppression, output power, overall gain, TGC, automatic TGC)
- 6.2.4 Final optimisation
- 6.2.5 Recording system
- 6.3 Tested quantities / parameters and procedures [Go to Page]
- 6.3.1 General
- 6.3.2 Acoustic working-frequency bandwidth
- 6.3.3 Resolution
- 6.3.4 Contrast-detail resolution
- 6.3.5 Non- or minimally-scattering region detectability
- Figure 2 – Reticulated foam with random voids [Go to Page]
- 6.3.6 Dead zone and proximal and distal working limits
- 6.3.7 Slice thickness
- 6.3.8 Depth of penetration
- 6.3.9 Displayed dynamic range
- 6.3.10 Display error or position recording error
- 6.3.11 Measurement system accuracy
- 6.3.12 M-mode calibration
- 6.3.13 Beam shape
- 6.3.14 Uniformity-degradation (element or channel) test
- Annex A (informative) Test objects and tissue-mimicking material [Go to Page]
- A.1 Test object structures
- A.2 Tissue-mimicking materials
- A.3 Description of test objects [Go to Page]
- A.3.1 Soft tissue-mimicking test object
- A.3.2 Axial resolution test object
- Figure A.1 – Soft tissue-mimicking test object [Go to Page]
- A.3.3 Multi-purpose resolution test object
- Figure A.2 – Axial resolution test object
- Figure A.3 – Multi-purpose resolution test object [Go to Page]
- A.3.4 Contrast test objects
- Figure A.4 – Slice-thickness measurement and calculation [Go to Page]
- A.3.5 Low-scattering sphere void test object
- Figure A.5 – Contrast test object [Go to Page]
- A.3.6 Randomly positioned, embedded low-echo spheres phantom
- Figure A.6 – Non-scattering spheres test object [Go to Page]
- A.3.7 Cylindrical-void phantom
- Figure A.7 – End view of the phantom applicable for 2 MHz to 7 MHz showing the spatially random distribution of 4-mm diameter spheres [Go to Page]
- A.3.8 Edinburgh pipe phantom
- Figure A.8 – Essential components of Satrapa's cylindical-void phantom
- Figure A.9 – Structures of foams
- Figure A.10 – Schematic of Edinburgh pipe phantom showing anechoic pipes within the tissue mimicking material [Go to Page]
- A.3.9 Crossed-threads phantom
- Figure A.11 – Image from a preclinical ultrasound scanner operating at 55 MHz showing the length over which a 92-micron pipe can be visualised in the scan plane
- Figure A.12 – 3D-thread phantom
- Figure A.13 – Beam profiles calculated from the single-filament images
- Figure A.14 – Thread groups with threads stretched at 45º angles to each other
- Figure A.15 – (above) Azimuthal and elevational beam profiles obtained from a filament phantom; (below) Constant depth (C-images) from a random-void phantom
- Figure A.16 – Beam profiles calculated for a matrix probe
- Annex B (informative) Test procedures [Go to Page]
- B.1 Analysis of random-void phantoms [Go to Page]
- B.1.1 Automated segmentation and sorting of voids
- B.1.2 Procedure for detecting voids and assigning contrast-scaled spherical objects to them for display of the best imaging zones
- Figure B.1 – Segmentation of voids performed following void contrast (void signal amplitude) ranking and transfer in small spheres like a “container” to the corresponding contrast fraction
- Figure B.2 – WCR-plot for 10 fractions with the reference level set to 70
- Figure B.3 – Screen shots of rotating volume images of a random-void phantom using gray-scale (left) and VDRi-levels (right) in transparent mode
- B.2 Analysis of beam profiles using cross-threads phantoms [Go to Page]
- B.2.1 Test procedure for crossed-threads phantom
- B.2.2 Analysis of display sonic contrast when using a foam phantom
- Figure B.4 – Screen shot of a rotating-volume image of random-void phantom after automatic segmentation
- Figure B.5 – Determination of display sonic contrast (symbolic)
- Figure B.6 – Result of 3D-display sonic contrast determination (example)
- Figure B.7 – A Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) chart, giving only "signal“ without "noise“, expressed in dB
- Bibliography [Go to Page]
