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BS EN ISO 18854:2015 Small craft. Reciprocating internal combustion engines exhaust emission measurement. Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions >
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BS EN ISO 18854:2015 Small craft. Reciprocating internal combustion engines exhaust emission measurement. Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions, 2015
- Contents Page
- Foreword
- Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2013/53/EC
- Foreword
- Introduction
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions
- 4 Symbols and abbreviations
- 4.1 General symbols
- 4.2 Symbols for fuel composition
- 4.3 Symbols and abbreviations for the chemical components
- 4.4 Abbreviations
- 5 Test conditions
- 5.1 Engine test conditions
- 5.1.1 Test condition parameter
- 5.1.2 Test validity
- 5.2 Engines with charge air cooling
- 5.3 Power
- 5.4 Specific test conditions
- 5.4.1 Engine air inlet system
- 5.4.2 Engine exhaust system
- 5.4.3 Cooling system
- 5.4.4 Lubricating oil
- 5.4.5 Adjustable carburettors
- 5.4.6 Crankcase breather
- 6 Test fuels
- 7 Application of the engine family concept and choice of parent engine
- 8 Measurement equipment and data to be measured
- 8.1 General
- 8.2 Dynamometer specification
- 8.3 Exhaust gas flow
- 8.3.1 General
- 8.3.2 Direct measurement method
- 8.3.3 Air and fuel measurement method
- 8.3.4 Fuel flow and carbon balance method
- 8.3.5 Tracer measurement method
- 8.3.6 Air flow and air-to-fuel ratio measurement method
- 8.3.7 Total dilute exhaust gas flow
- 8.4 Accuracy
- 8.5 Determination of the gaseous components
- 8.5.1 General analyser specifications
- 8.5.2 Gas drying
- 8.5.3 Analysers
- 8.5.4 Sampling for gaseous emissions
- 8.6 Particulate determination
- 8.6.1 General
- 8.6.2 Particulate sampling filters
- 8.6.3 Weighing chamber and analytical balance specifications
- 9 Calibration of the analytical instruments
- 9.1 General requirements
- 9.2 Calibration gases
- 9.2.1 General
- 9.2.2 Pure gas
- 9.2.3 Calibration and span gases
- 9.2.4 Use of gas dividers
- 9.2.5 Oxygen interference gases
- 9.3 Operating procedure for analysers and sampling system
- 9.4 Leakage test
- 9.5 Calibration procedure
- 9.5.1 Instrument assembly
- 9.5.2 Warm-up time
- 9.5.3 NDIR and HFID analyser
- 9.5.4 GC and HPCL
- 9.5.5 Establishment of the calibration curve
- 9.5.6 Alternative calibration methods
- 9.5.7 Verification of the calibration
- 9.6 Calibration of tracer gas analyser for exhaust flow measurement
- 9.7 Efficiency test of the NOx converter
- 9.7.1 General
- 9.7.2 Test setup
- 9.7.3 Calibration
- 9.7.4 Calculation
- 9.7.5 Adding of oxygen
- 9.7.6 Activation of the ozonator
- 9.7.7 NOx mode
- 9.7.8 Deactivation of the ozonator
- 9.7.9 NO mode
- 9.7.10 Test interval
- 9.7.11 Efficiency requirement
- 9.8 Adjustment of the FID
- 9.8.1 Optimization of the detector response
- 9.8.2 Hydrocarbon response factors
- 9.8.3 Oxygen interference check
- 9.8.4 Efficiency of the Non-Methane Cutter (NMC)
- 9.8.5 Methanol response factor
- 9.9 Interference effects with CO, CO2, NOx, O2, NH3, and N2O analysers
- 9.9.1 General
- 9.9.2 CO analyser interference check
- 9.9.3 NOx analyser quench checks
- 9.9.4 O2 analyser interference
- 9.9.5 Cross-interference check compensation for NH3 and N2O measurement channels using IR and UV measurement techniques
- 9.10 Calibration intervals
- 10 Calibration of the particulate measuring system
- 10.1 General
- 10.2 Calibration procedure
- 10.2.1 Flow measurement
- 10.2.2 Exhaust gas analysers
- 10.2.3 Carbon flow check
- 10.3 Checking the partial-flow conditions
- 10.4 Calibration intervals
- 11 Calibration of the CVS full-flow dilution system
- 11.1 General
- 11.2 Calibration of the Positive Displacement Pump (PDP)
- 11.2.1 General
- 11.2.2 Data analysis
- 11.3 Calibration of the Critical-Flow Venturi (CFV)
- 11.3.1 General
- 11.3.2 Data analysis
- 11.4 Calibration of the Subsonic Venturi (SSV)
- 11.4.1 General
- 11.4.2 Data analysis
- 11.5 Total system verification
- 11.5.1 General
- 11.5.2 Metering with a critical flow orifice
- 11.5.3 Metering by means of a gravimetric technique
- 12 Test cycles (running conditions)
- 12.1 Requirements
- 12.2 Test cycles
- 12.2.1 Applications
- 12.2.2 Test modes and weighting factors
- 12.2.3 Performing the test
- 13 Test run
- 13.1 Preparation of the sampling filters
- 13.2 Installation of the measuring equipment
- 13.3 Starting the dilution system and the engine
- 13.4 Adjustment of the dilution ratio
- 13.5 Determination of test points
- 13.6 Checking of the analysers
- 13.7 Test cycles
- 13.7.1 Test sequence
- 13.7.2 Analyser response
- 13.7.3 Particulate sampling
- 13.7.4 Engine conditions
- 13.8 Re-checking the analysers
- 13.9 Test report
- 14 Data evaluation for gaseous and particulate emissions
- 14.1 Gaseous emissions
- 14.2 Particulate emissions
- 15 Calculation of the gaseous emissions
- 15.1 General
- 15.2 Determination of the exhaust gas flow
- 15.3 Dry/wet correction
- 15.4 NOx correction for humidity and temperature
- 15.5 Calculation of the emission mass flow rates
- 15.5.1 Raw exhaust gas
- 15.5.2 Dilute exhaust gas
- 15.5.3 Determination of the NMHC concentration
- 15.6 Calculation of the specific emission
- 16 Calculation of the particulate emission
- 16.1 Particulate correction factor for humidity
- 16.2 Partial-flow dilution system
- 16.2.1 Isokinetic systems
- 16.2.2 Systems with measurement of CO2 or NOx concentration
- 16.2.3 Systems with CO2 measurement and carbon balance method
- 16.2.4 Systems with flow measurement
- 16.3 Full-flow dilution system
- 16.4 Calculation of the particulate mass flow rate
- 16.5 Calculation of the specific emissions
- 16.6 Effective weighting factor
- 17 Determination of the gaseous emissions
- 17.1 General
- 17.2 Main exhaust components CO, CO2, HC, NOx, O2
- 17.3 Ammonia analysis
- 17.4 Methane analysis
- 17.4.1 Gas chromatographic (GC) method (Figure 6)
- 17.4.2 Non-methane cutter (NMC) method (Figure 7)
- 17.5 Methanol analysis
- 17.6 Formaldehyde analysis
- 18 Determination of the particulates
- 18.1 General
- 18.2 Dilution system
- 18.2.1 Partial-flow dilution system (Figures 10 to 18)
- 18.2.2 Full-flow dilution system
- 18.3 Particulate sampling system
- Bibliography [Go to Page]
