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BS EN 16407-2:2014 Non-destructive testing. Radiographic inspection of corrosion and deposits in pipes by X- and gamma rays - Double wall radiographic inspection >
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BS EN 16407-2:2014 Non-destructive testing. Radiographic inspection of corrosion and deposits in pipes by X- and gamma rays - Double wall radiographic inspection, 2014
- Contents Page
- Foreword
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions
- 4 Classification of radiographic techniques
- 5 General [Go to Page]
- 6 Recommended techniques for making radiographs [Go to Page]
- Figure 1 — Test arrangement for double wall single image radiography (DWSI) using a curved detector
- Figure 2 — Test arrangement for double wall single image radiography (DWSI) using a planar detector [Go to Page]
- Figure 3 — Test arrangement for double wall double image radiography (DWDI) [Go to Page]
- Table 1 — Total effective penetrated thickness ranges for gamma-ray and high energy X-ray sources for steel pipes
- Figure 4 — Maximum X-ray voltage U for X-ray devices up to 1 000 kV as a function of penetrated thickness w and material [Go to Page]
- Table 2 — Film system classes and metal screens for double wall radiography of steel, copper and nickel based alloy pipes
- Table 3 — Film system classes and metal screens for double wall radiography of aluminium and titanium pipes [Go to Page]
- Table 4 —Metal front screens for CR for double wall radiography for pipes of steel, copper and nickel based alloys
- Table 5 — Metal front screens for CR for the double wall radiography of aluminium and titanium [Go to Page]
- Figure 5 — Axial cross section showing the maximum permissible axial length of the evaluated area for a single source position, on the film/detector, Ld, and along the pipe, Lp, on the source side of the pipe [Go to Page]
- Figure 6 — Minimum number of DWSI exposures circumferentially around a pipe, as a function of the ratios t/De and De/SPD, where SPD is the distance from the source to the pipe axis (centre) [Go to Page]
- 7 Radiograph/digital image sensitivity, quality and evaluation [Go to Page]
- 8 Measurement of differences in penetrated thickness [Go to Page]
- 9 Digital image recording, storage, processing and viewing [Go to Page]
- 10 Test report
- Annex A (normative) Minimum image quality values
- Table A.1 — DWDI Iridium 192 – source side wire IQIs
- Table A.2 — DWSI Iridium 192 – detector side wire IQIs
- Table A.3 — DWDI Selenium 75 – source side wire IQIs
- Table A.4 — DWSI Selenium 75 - detector side wire IQIs
- Annex B (informative) Penetrated thickness measurements from image grey levels
- Annex C (normative) Determination of basic spatial resolution
- Bibliography [Go to Page]