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BS EN 16351:2021 Timber structures. Cross laminated timber. Requirements, 2021
- undefined
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms, definitions and symbols [Go to Page]
- 3.1 Terms and definitions
- 3.2 Symbols [Go to Page]
- 3.2.1 Main symbols
- 3.2.2 Subscripts
- 4 Characteristics [Go to Page]
- 4.1 Modulus of elasticity, bending strength, compressive strength, tensile strength and shear strength [Go to Page]
- 4.1.1 General
- 4.1.2 Geometrical data of cross laminated timber [Go to Page]
- 4.1.2.1 General
- 4.1.2.2 Nominal cross-sectional sizes
- 4.1.2.3 Grooves in laminations
- 4.1.2.4 Layer thickness
- 4.1.2.5 Layer orientation
- 4.1.2.6 Ratio of nominal lamination width to nominal lamination thickness
- 4.1.3 Strength, stiffness and density properties of layers [Go to Page]
- 4.1.3.1 Timber layers
- 4.1.3.2 Wood-based panel layers
- 4.1.4 Bending strength of large finger joints
- 4.1.5 Rolling shear strength, compression strength perpendicular to grain and density of cross laminated timber [Go to Page]
- 4.1.5.1 Rolling shear strength of cross laminated timber
- 4.1.5.2 Compression strength perpendicular to the grain
- 4.2 Bonding strength [Go to Page]
- 4.2.1 General
- 4.2.2 Bonding strength of glue lines between layers
- 4.2.3 Bonding strength of structural edge bonds
- 4.2.4 Bonding strength of large finger joints
- 4.3 Resistance to fire
- 4.4 Reaction to fire [Go to Page]
- 4.4.1 General
- 4.4.2 Classification without further testing
- 4.4.3 Classification based on testing [Go to Page]
- 4.4.3.1 General
- 4.4.3.2 Determination from tests for all end-uses (except flooring) for standard mounting and fixing conditions
- 4.4.3.3 Determination from tests for flooring for standard mounting and fixing conditions
- 4.5 Dimensional stability
- 4.6 Emission of formaldehyde
- 4.7 Durability [Go to Page]
- 4.7.1 Durability of bonding strength [Go to Page]
- 4.7.1.1 General
- 4.7.1.2 Adhesives
- 4.7.2 Durability of other characteristics [Go to Page]
- 4.7.2.1 General
- 4.7.2.2 Additional provisions for durability of other characteristics for cross laminated timber comprising wood-based panel layers
- 5 Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance (AVCP) [Go to Page]
- 5.1 General
- 5.2 Type testing [Go to Page]
- 5.2.1 General
- 5.2.2 Test samples, testing and compliance criteria
- 5.2.3 Test reports
- 5.3 Factory production control (FPC) [Go to Page]
- 5.3.1 General
- 5.3.2 Provisions [Go to Page]
- 5.3.2.1 General
- 5.3.2.2 Product testing and evaluation
- 5.3.3 Initial inspection of factory and of FPC
- 5.3.4 Continuous surveillance of FPC
- 5.3.5 Procedure for modifications
- Annex A (normative)Delamination test of glue lines between layers [Go to Page]
- A.1 Principle
- A.2 Apparatus [Go to Page]
- A.2.1 Pressure vessel
- A.2.2 Drying duct
- A.2.3 Balance
- A.2.4 Metal wedge and hammer
- A.3 Sampling and preparation of test pieces
- A.4 Procedures [Go to Page]
- A.4.1 General
- A.4.2 Measurement and evaluation of delamination [Go to Page]
- A.4.2.1 Measurement of delamination
- A.4.2.2 Glue line openings to be regarded as delaminations
- A.4.2.3 Glue line openings not to be regarded as delaminations
- A.4.2.4 Solid wood failure areas
- A.4.3 Test cycle
- A.5 Results [Go to Page]
- A.5.1 General
- A.5.2 Total delamination
- A.5.3 Maximum delamination
- A.5.4 Wood failure percentage
- A.6 Test report
- Annex B (normative)Tests with laminations with or without finger joints [Go to Page]
- B.1 Sampling [Go to Page]
- B.1.1 General
- B.1.2 For type testing
- B.1.3 For factory production control
- B.2 Testing [Go to Page]
- B.2.1 General
- B.2.2 Additional provisions for type testing
- B.2.3 Additional provisions for factory production control
- B.3 Compliance criteria of finger joints in laminations [Go to Page]
- B.3.1 For type testing
- B.3.2 For factory production control
- B.4 Report of tests with finger joints in laminations
- B.5 Tests with laminations without finger joints
- Annex C (normative)Determination of strength, stiffness and density characteristics of cross laminated timber [Go to Page]
- C.1 General [Go to Page]
- C.1.1 Purpose of tests
- C.1.2 Sampling
- C.1.3 Testing
- C.1.4 Test reports
- C.1.5 Analysis of test results
- C.1.6 Indication of strength, stiffness and density characteristics
- C.2 Characteristics determined by tests with out of plane loads [Go to Page]
- C.2.1 Bending test with load perpendicular to the plane [Go to Page]
- C.2.1.1 General
- C.2.1.2 For the determination of strength and stiffness properties of layers
- C.2.1.3 For the determination of strength and stiffness properties of cross laminated timber
- C.2.1.4 For the determination of resistances and stiffnesses of cross laminated timber
- C.2.2 Rolling shear strength and stiffness of cross laminated timber derived from shear test
- C.2.3 Rolling shear strength and stiffness of cross laminated timber derived from bending tests (alternative test)
- C.2.4 Compression perpendicular to the plane
- C.2.5 Large finger joint - Bending test
- C.3 Characteristics determined by tests with in-plane loads [Go to Page]
- C.3.1 Bending [Go to Page]
- C.3.1.1 General
- C.3.1.2 For the determination of strength properties of laminations
- C.3.1.3 For the determination of strength and stiffness properties of cross laminated timber
- C.3.1.4 For the determination of resistances and stiffnesses of cross laminated timber
- C.3.2 Shear values within a layer – net cross-section and shear strength values for glue lines between layers – torsional shear
- C.3.3 Shear strength values for glue lines between layers – torsional shear (alternative method)
- C.3.4 Large finger joint - Bending test
- Annex D (normative)Measurement of moisture content [Go to Page]
- D.1 Accuracy of moisture meter [Go to Page]
- D.1.1 General
- D.1.2 Measurement of moisture content of boards during production
- D.2 Mean moisture content of cross laminated timber with large finger joints
- Annex E (normative)Adhesive application for finger joints in laminations [Go to Page]
- E.1 Test of the adhesive application for contact application
- E.2 Test of the adhesive distribution for contact-free application
- E.3 Visual monitoring of the application of adhesive ribbons (or ribbons of adhesive components) on finger joint tips
- Annex F (normative)Minimum production provisions [Go to Page]
- F.1 Personnel
- F.2 Production and storage facilities [Go to Page]
- F.2.1 General
- F.2.2 Facilities for drying and storage of timber
- F.2.3 Facilities for processing and storage of adhesives
- F.2.4 Facilities for production and curing
- F.3 Equipment
- F.4 Finger joints in laminations [Go to Page]
- F.4.1 Wane and edge damages
- F.4.2 Finger joint geometry
- F.4.3 Knots and local grain deviation
- F.4.4 Moisture content at bonding
- F.4.5 Adhesive application [Go to Page]
- F.4.5.1 General
- F.4.5.2 Application methods
- F.4.5.3 Contact application
- F.4.5.4 Contact-free application
- F.4.6 Time between cutting and adhesive application
- F.4.7 Pressure
- F.4.8 Glue line thickness
- F.4.9 Curing
- F.5 Grooving of laminations
- F.6 Gaps between laminations
- F.7 Bonding of layers and structural edge bonds [Go to Page]
- F.7.1 General
- F.7.2 Moisture content at bonding
- F.7.3 Bonding surfaces and adhesive application
- F.7.4 Cramping
- F.7.5 Glue line thickness
- F.7.6 Curing
- F.7.7 Layup
- F.8 Cross laminated timber with large finger joints [Go to Page]
- F.8.1 Cross laminated timber to be jointed
- F.8.2 Moisture content at bonding
- F.8.3 Finger joint geometry
- F.8.4 Machining of the fingers
- F.8.5 Adhesive, bonding surface and adhesive application
- F.8.6 Cramping
- F.8.7 Glue line thickness
- F.8.8 Curing
- F.9 Corrected sizes and moisture deformation factor
- F.10 Documentation
- Annex G (normative)Shear tests [Go to Page]
- G.1 Principle
- G.2 Apparatus [Go to Page]
- G.2.1 Testing machine
- G.2.2 Shearing tool
- G.3 Test pieces [Go to Page]
- G.3.1 General
- G.3.2 Test pieces for structural edge bonds in timber layers
- G.3.3 Sampling of test pieces
- G.3.4 Marking of test pieces
- G.4 Procedure
- G.5 Results
- G.6 Test report
- Annex H (normative)Additional test methods and requirements for adhesives of subclass FJ for use in structural edge bonds [Go to Page]
- H.1 General
- H.2 Specimens
- H.3 Procedure
- H.4 Results and test report
- H.5 Compliance criteriae [Go to Page]
