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BS EN 15313:2024 Railway applications. In-service wheelset operation requirements. In-service and off-vehicle wheelset maintenance, 2024
- undefined
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
- 4 Maintenance [Go to Page]
- 4.1 General
- 4.2 Maintenance organization [Go to Page]
- 4.2.1 Maintenance organization plan
- 4.2.2 Maintenance plan
- 4.2.3 Service experience
- 4.2.4 Traceability – storage – transportation [Go to Page]
- 4.2.4.1 Wheelset identification
- 4.2.4.2 Traceability of operations and transfers
- 4.2.4.3 Database
- 4.2.4.4 Storage
- 4.2.4.5 Handling and transportation conditions for new or maintained wheelsets
- 4.3 Equipment and systems
- 4.4 Staff certification and competence
- 4.5 Qualification of an undertaking for the maintenance of in-service or off-vehicle wheelsets
- 5 Definition and illustrations of a wheelset, its associated components and defects [Go to Page]
- 5.1 Definition and illustrations of a wheelset [Go to Page]
- 5.1.1 Wheelset
- 5.1.2 Axle
- 5.1.3 Wheel
- 5.1.4 Axlebox
- 5.2 Functional references of the rail-wheel interface [Go to Page]
- 5.2.1 Wheelset functional references
- 5.2.2 Wheel functional references
- 5.3 Definitions and illustrations of defects
- 6 Requirements and operations [Go to Page]
- 6.1 General
- 6.2 Requirements [Go to Page]
- 6.2.1 In-service limit dimensions and positions [Go to Page]
- 6.2.1.1 General
- 6.2.1.2 Flange height “h”
- 6.2.1.3 Flange thickness “e”
- 6.2.1.4 “qR” dimension
- 6.2.1.5 Back-to-back dimension “a1”
- 6.2.1.6 Front-to-front dimension “a2”
- 6.2.1.7 Wear groove
- 6.2.1.8 Wear limit and last reprofiling diameters
- 6.2.1.9 Chamfer
- 6.2.1.10 Rim width “L” without roll-over
- 6.2.2 Special maintenance action for freight wagon axles according to axle load
- 6.2.3 Maintenance decision criteria for in-service wheels for all types of wheel [Go to Page]
- 6.2.3.1 Limit lengths of wheel tread defects (e.g. flats, metal build-up, shelling, cavities, scaling, tread indentation, isolated transverse cracking, material loss, etc.) (C.2.1 to C.2.6) and circularity defects (C.2.7)
- 6.2.3.2 Spalling (Thermal effects due to tread braking) (C.2.8)
- 6.2.3.3 Rolling contact fatigue (C.2.9)
- 6.2.3.4 Thermal cracks (C.2.10)
- 6.2.3.5 Wheel tread roll-over (C.2.11)
- 6.2.3.6 Damage to chamfered corner (C.2.12)
- 6.2.3.7 Wheel tread – grooves and channels (C.2.13)
- 6.2.3.8 False flange (C.2.14)
- 6.2.3.9 Damage on the flange (C.2.15)
- 6.2.3.10 Radial marks and radial defects on the internal side of the rim (FIJ) (C.2.16)
- 6.2.3.11 Damage resulting from identification markings (C.2.17)
- 6.2.3.12 Damage from lathe driving tools (C.2.18)
- 6.2.3.13 Defects on the external face of the rim (FEJ)
- 6.2.3.14 Defects on the web and the hub of a wheel (C.2.19 to C.2.22)
- 6.2.4 Maintenance decision criteria for in-service wheels for specific wheel types [Go to Page]
- 6.2.4.1 Deep sub-surface tread defect on monobloc wheel (C.3.1)
- 6.2.4.2 Defects on the web of a wheel used as a braking surface (C.3.2.1)
- 6.2.4.3 Thermal overloading of wheels - Overheating affecting the wheel rim/web transition on monobloc wheels (C.3.2.2)
- 6.2.4.4 Tyred wheel defects (C.3.3)
- 6.2.5 Damage acceptance limits for axle bodies [Go to Page]
- 6.2.5.1 Damage caused by corrosion (C.4.1 and C.4.2)
- 6.2.5.2 Circumferential defects around the whole circumference (C.4.3.1)
- 6.2.5.3 Circumferential defect on a singular zone (C.4.3.2)
- 6.2.5.4 Notches and impact damage (C.4.4)
- 6.2.5.5 Longitudinal defects (C.4.5)
- 6.2.5.6 Damage in the interference fit zones (C.4.6)
- 6.2.6 Criteria for axlebox (C.5)
- 6.2.7 Criteria on wheelsets [Go to Page]
- 6.2.7.1 In-service axial or angular movement of a wheel or of one of the other components (C.6.3)
- 6.2.7.2 Marking of wheelsets with wheels designed according to EN 139791:2023
- 6.2.7.3 Electrical resistance of wheelsets after heavy maintenance
- 6.2.8 Specific requirements for tyred wheels and resilient wheels
- 6.2.9 Limit value for axle wheel seat diameter
- 6.3 Reprofiling operation
- 6.4 Dimensions after reprofiling [Go to Page]
- 6.4.1 Front-to-front dimension “a2”
- 6.4.2 Diameter difference between wheels on the same axle
- 6.4.3 Limit values of radial run-out as a function of the maximum operating speed authorized for the vehicle
- 6.4.4 Wheel axial run-out as a function of the maximum operating speed authorized for the vehicle
- 6.4.5 Parts of the tread that are not re-profiled
- 6.4.6 Radial marks and radial defects on the internal side of the rim
- 6.5 Maintenance operations, examinations and inspections [Go to Page]
- 6.5.1 General
- 6.5.2 Detection of tread defects
- 6.5.3 Detection of thermal damage on the wheel rim or tyre
- 6.5.4 Detection of wheel tread roll-over
- 6.5.5 Detection of damage to chamfered corner and flange
- 6.5.6 Detection of damage resulting from identification markings
- 6.5.7 Detection of defects on the external and internal face of the rim
- 6.5.8 Verification of web integrity
- 6.5.9 Verification of hub integrity
- 6.5.10 Verification of rim integrity - Detection of deep sub-surface tread defects
- 6.5.11 Detection of thermal defects on the web of a wheel used as a braking surface
- 6.5.12 Detection of overheating affecting the wheel rim-web transition on monobloc wheels
- 6.5.13 Verification of axle surface integrity [Go to Page]
- 6.5.13.1 General
- 6.5.13.2 Visual inspection of axle surface integrity of wheelsets for freight wagons
- 6.5.14 Detection of damage caused by corrosion
- 6.5.15 Detection of circumferential defects around the whole circumference
- 6.5.16 Detection of circumferential defects in a singular section of the circumference
- 6.5.17 Detection of notches and impact damage
- 6.5.18 Detection of longitudinal defects on axles
- 6.5.19 Detection of damage in interference fit zones
- 6.5.20 Verification after rectification
- 6.5.21 Verification of residual magnetism
- 6.5.22 Lubrication operation
- 6.5.23 Checking for axlebox defects
- 6.5.24 Verification of wheelset electrical resistance after heavy maintenance of wheelsets
- 6.6 Requirements for additional maintenance equipment and operations
- 7 In-service wheelset maintenance [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Maintenance plan
- 7.2 Wheelset protection during vehicle and bogie cleaning
- 8 Off-vehicle wheelset maintenance [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Maintenance plan
- 8.2 Key operations for off-vehicle wheelset maintenance
- 8.3 Off-vehicle wheelset cleaning
- 8.4 NDT Interval
- 9 Action to be taken on any wheelset after an incident in service or when not covered by the maintenance plan [Go to Page]
- 9.1 Wheelset bearings subject to water ingress
- 9.2 Wheelsets having been subjected to a short circuit current (e.g. from falling overhead line equipment, etc.)
- 9.3 Detection of a wheel circularity defect by a trackside facility or an onboard monitoring system
- 9.4 Wheelsets loaded over the allowed limit
- 9.5 Hot axlebox detection [Go to Page]
- 9.5.1 General
- 9.5.2 Technical procedure
- 9.6 Derailment
- 9.7 Head-on collision
- 9.8 Lubricant leakage or loss from the axlebox
- 9.9 Thermal overloaded wheels, brake incident (detection of seized brake or discoloration)
- 9.10 Reporting after detection of a wheelset irregularity outside the maintenance plan
- 10 Equipment not subject to Directive (EU) 2016/797
- 11 Summary table of requirements of this document
- Annex A (normative)Minimum database content for freight wagon wheelset traceability [Go to Page]
- A.1 Data categories for storage time
- A.2 Minimum data to be collected [Go to Page]
- A.2.1 Wheelset
- A.2.2 Wheelset axle
- A.2.3 Wheels
- A.2.4 Bearings
- A.2.5 Medium and heavy wheelset maintenance
- A.2.6 Vehicle in which the wheelset is fitted (not applicable for bogies with variable gauge) and in-service incidents (since applying traceability system)
- A.3 Measures to be applied resulting from lack of traceability
- Annex B (informative)Database content for the traceability of wheelsets of vehicles in the scope of TSI “Rolling stock - Locomotive and passenger rated vehicles” (TSI Loc and Pas) [Go to Page]
- B.1 Data categories for storage time
- B.2 Minimum data to be collected [Go to Page]
- B.2.1 Wheelset
- B.2.2 Axle
- B.2.3 Wheels
- B.2.4 Bearings
- B.2.5 Medium and heavy wheelset maintenance
- B.2.6 Vehicle in which the wheelset is fitted (not applicable for bogies with variable gauge) and in-service incidents (since applying traceability system)
- B.3 Measures to be applied resulting from lack of traceability
- Annex C (normative)Definition and illustration of defects [Go to Page]
- C.1 General
- C.2 Defects for all types of wheel [Go to Page]
- C.2.1 Wheel flat
- C.2.2 Metal build-up
- C.2.3 Shelling, cavities
- C.2.4 Scaling
- C.2.5 Tread indentation
- C.2.6 Isolated transverse cracking
- C.2.7 Circularity defect [Go to Page]
- C.2.7.1 General
- C.2.7.2 Local tread collapse
- C.2.7.3 Periodic or stochastic out-of-round
- C.2.8 Spalling (thermal effects due to tread braking)
- C.2.9 Rolling contact fatigue
- C.2.10 Thermal cracks
- C.2.11 Wheel tread roll-over
- C.2.12 Damage to chamfered corner
- C.2.13 Wheel tread – grooves and channels (or smooth edged circumferential grooves and sharp edged circumferential fluting)
- C.2.14 False flange / hollow wear
- C.2.15 Damage on the flange
- C.2.16 Sharp-edged radial marks and radial defects on the internal face of the rim (FIJ)
- C.2.17 Damage resulting from identification markings
- C.2.18 Damage from lathe driving tools
- C.2.19 Sharp-edged circumferential defects on the web or wheel centre
- C.2.20 Sharp-edged radial defect on the web
- C.2.21 Wheel web hole defects
- C.2.22 Cracks in the wheel hub
- C.3 Defects specific to wheel types [Go to Page]
- C.3.1 Deep sub-surface tread defect on monobloc wheels
- C.3.2 Wheel web defects on monobloc wheels [Go to Page]
- C.3.2.1 Defects on the web of a wheel used as braking surface
- C.3.2.2 Thermal overloaded wheels / Overheating affecting the wheel rim/web transition
- C.3.3 Exceptional thermomechanical stressing in tyred wheels
- C.4 Axle defects [Go to Page]
- C.4.1 Axle protection defect – Damage on the painting/coating
- C.4.2 Corrosion
- C.4.3 Circumferential defects [Go to Page]
- C.4.3.1 Around the whole circumference
- C.4.3.2 Circumferential defects on a singular zone
- C.4.4 Notches and impact damage
- C.4.5 Longitudinal defects
- C.4.6 Damage in the interference fit zones
- C.5 Axlebox defects
- C.6 Wheelset defects [Go to Page]
- C.6.1 General
- C.6.2 Wheel distortion
- C.6.3 In service axial or angular movement of a wheel or of one of the other components [Go to Page]
- C.6.3.1 Axial movement
- C.6.3.2 Angular movement
- C.6.4 Bent axle
- Annex D (normative)Freight stock
- Annex E (informative)Rim size without roll-over for equipment not subject to Directive (EU) 2016/797
- Annex F (normative)Definitions of Type A and B axles
- Annex G (informative)Permissible circularity defects
- Annex H (informative)Tyred wheels and resilient wheels [Go to Page]
- H.1 General
- H.2 Marking of tyred wheels and resilient wheels [Go to Page]
- H.2.1 General
- H.3 Tyre thickness of tyred wheels
- H.4 Defects specific to tyred wheels
- H.5 Verification of the electrical resistance during medium and heavy maintenance
- Annex I (normative)Reference images for axle surface condition limits for off-vehicle wheelset maintenance [Go to Page]
- I.1 General
- I.2 Local and severe defect
- I.3 Large and heavily corroded areas, strongly and uniformly pitted surface
- I.4 Corrosion defects in abutment area and transition radii
- Annex J (informative)NDT interval [Go to Page]
- J.1 General
- J.2 Axle
- J.3 Wheel
- Annex K (informative)Summary of the requirements of this standard for in-service boxed wheelsets
- Annex L (informative)Characteristics of narrow gauge wheelsets
- Annex M (informative)Characteristics of Spanish and Portuguese gauge wheelsets
- Annex N (informative)Characteristics of Finnish and Baltic country gauge wheelsets
- Annex ZA (informative)Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive (EU) 2016/797 aimed to be covered [Go to Page]
