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25/30483760 DC BS 1924-1 Unbound, hydraulically bound and stabilized materials for civil engineering purposes - Sampling, sample preparation and testing of materials before treatment. Test method, 2025
- 30483760.PDF
- 30483760 -.pdf [Go to Page]
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions [Go to Page]
- 3.1 batch
- 3.2 bulk sample
- 3.3 clay
- 3.4 cohesive material
- 3.5 compaction
- 3.6 hydraulic binder
- 3.7 hydraulically bound material
- 3.8 improvement
- 3.9 laboratory sample
- 3.10 lime
- 3.11 maximum dry density
- 3.12 non-cohesive material
- 3.13 optimum water content
- 3.14 particle size distribution
- 3.15 representative sample
- 3.16 sampling
- 3.17 sampling increment
- 3.18 spot sample
- 3.19 stabilization
- 3.20 test portion
- 3.21 treated material
- 3.22 treating agent
- 3.23 untreated material
- 3.24 water content
- 4 General [Go to Page]
- 4.1 Grouping of test materials
- 4.2 Apparatus [Go to Page]
- 4.2.1 Manufacturing tolerances [Go to Page]
- 4.2.1.1 Mass
- 4.2.1.2 Working tolerances
- 4.2.2 Measuring instruments [Go to Page]
- 4.2.2.1 Balances and weight. The categories of balance given in Table 1 shall be used for the tests in this standard. Each set of ancillary weights shall be calibrated in accordance with 4.2.5.2.1. The balance selected for weighing shall enable the ma...
- 4.2.2.2 Thermometers. Thermometers having the graduations given in Table 2 are suitable and shall be selected as appropriate to the test. For mercury-in-glass thermometers, the form of the graduations shall conform to BS 593:1989, Clause 8. Thermomete...
- 4.2.2.3 Timers, calibrated in accordance with 4.2.6.3.4.
- 4.2.2.4 Volumetric glassware, calibrated in accordance with 4.2.6.3.5.
- 4.2.3 General apparatus [Go to Page]
- 4.2.3.1 Ovens. Ovens used for drying material shall incorporate a temperature control which can be set to maintain a selected temperature within the range (45 ±5) C to (110 ±5) C. Each oven shall have provision for inserting a calibrated temperature...
- 4.2.3.2 Test sieves. Test sieves shall conform to BS ISO 3310-1 and BS ISO 3310-2. Sieves with aperture sizes of 4 mm and above shall be perforated plate square hole test sieves. Sieves with aperture sizes of less than 4 mm shall be woven wire test si...
- 4.2.3.3 Sample dividers. When sample dividers are used, they shall be of a size appropriate to the largest particle contained in the sample to be divided.
- 4.2.4 Special apparatus
- 4.2.5 Calibration of laboratory equipment [Go to Page]
- 4.2.5.1 Reference standards for in-house calibration
- 4.2.5.2 Specifications for reference standards and instruments for calibration [Go to Page]
- 4.2.5.2.1 Reference weights
- 4.2.5.2.2 Reference thermometers
- 4.2.6 Calibration and checking of test equipment [Go to Page]
- 4.2.6.1 Traceability
- 4.2.6.2 External and in-house calibration [Go to Page]
- 4.2.6.2.1 General requirements
- 4.2.6.2.2 External calibration
- 4.2.6.2.3 In-house calibration
- 4.2.6.2.4 Frequency of calibration
- 4.2.6.3 Calibration of measuring instruments [Go to Page]
- 4.2.6.3.1 Balances. Balances shall be checked, adjusted and calibrated over their working range, using certified reference weights, at least once a year, or at shorter intervals if necessary to prevent the maximum error of readings exceeding the value...
- 4.2.6.3.2 Thermometers. Mercury-in-glass thermometers conforming to BS 593:1989 shall be calibrated or replaced after not more than 5 years, and at intervals not exceeding 5 years thereafter. Other mercury-in-glass thermometers shall be calibrated aga...
- 4.2.6.3.3 Dimensional measuring instruments. Steel rules shall be checked before first use and examined for readability and for wear at their ends at least once a year. Vernier calipers and micrometers shall be calibrated at least once a year against ...
- 4.2.6.3.4 Timers. Timing devices such as stopclocks and stopwatches shall be calibrated at least once a year to within 1 s in 5 min.
- 4.2.6.3.5 Volumetric glassware. In-house calibration of volumetric glassware shall be carried out by weighing the amount of distilled water, of known temperature, that the vessel contains or delivers at a measured temperature. A calibrated balance sha...
- 4.2.6.4 Calibration and checking of general apparatus [Go to Page]
- 4.2.6.4.1 Ovens. The temperature at the midpoint of the useable oven space of an empty oven shall be verified at least once a year by means of a calibrated temperature measuring device.
- 4.2.6.4.2 Test sieves. All perforated plate test sieves shall be calibrated at least once every two years in accordance with BS ISO 3310-2 or once every year by the performance check in accordance with BS EN 932-5:2012, Annex A.
- 4.2.6.4.3 Moulds and other items. Items of equipment such as moulds shall be checked by determining their internal measurements and mass. These determinations shall be carried out on new items and shall be repeated at intervals, depending on frequency...
- 4.3 Materials [Go to Page]
- 4.3.1 Distilled water
- 4.3.2 Chemical reagents
- 4.3.3 Storage containers
- 4.3.4 Paraffin wax
- 4.4 Environmental requirements [Go to Page]
- 4.4.1 Temperature control
- 4.4.2 Temperature records
- 5 Sampling [Go to Page]
- 5.1 Principle
- 5.2 Sampling procedure
- 5.3 Sample reduction
- 5.4 Certificate of sampling
- 6 Preparation of samples for testing [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Apparatus [Go to Page]
- 6.1.1 Metal trays, non-corrodible, of sizes ranging from 0.05 m2 to 1 m2.
- 6.1.2 Test sieves, of the following sizes: 37.5 mm, 20 mm, 10 mm, 5 mm and 2 mm.
- 6.1.3 Means of breaking down large aggregations, e.g. a 150 mm cast-iron mortar and/or an 80 mm porcelain mortar, each with a suitable pestle.
- 6.1.4 Rubber-ended pestle.
- 6.1.5 Balances, capable of weighing to 10 kg and 25 kg readable to 1 g and 5 g, respectively.
- 6.1.6 Temperature-controlled oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of (45 ±5) C and of (105 ±5) C.
- 6.1.7 Mechanical mixers, of suitable capacities or suitable tools for hand mixing, e.g. a spatula, a trowel and a shovel.
- 6.1.8 Graduated measuring cylinders, of 100 ml and 1 l capacity.
- 6.1.9 Apparatus for the determination of water content, in accordance with BS 1924-2.
- 6.2 Initial preparation of untreated materials [Go to Page]
- 6.2.1 6The masses of the test portions required for the test procedures shall be as specified under the respective test procedures. To obtain the mass of the laboratory sample that is needed for any particular test, multiply the mass of the test porti...
- 6.2.2 Spread out the test portion of the untreated material obtained as described in 5.2 and 5.3 in a metal tray(s) of suitable size, place in the oven and dry at (105 ±5) C until the material is in a condition where any aggregations can be readily b...
- 6.2.3 Break down any aggregations of particles which would be retained on a 37.5 mm sieve. The use of mechanical crushers to process the material shall not be used unless the mechanical effort is confirmed as being replicated on site.
- 6.2.4 Dry the material at (105 ±5) C (see Note 1) to constant weight and allow cooling to room temperature (see Note 2). Proceed to the next stage as soon as possible after cooling.
- 6.3 Blending materials with water and treating agents [Go to Page]
- 6.3.1 General
- 6.3.2 Mixing two or more untreated materials
- 6.3.3 Mixing with water and cement
- 6.3.4 Mixing cohesive material with water and lime
- 6.3.5 Mixing cohesive material with water and lime, followed by another treating agent
- 6.3.6 Mixing non-cohesive material with lime followed by another treating agent
- 6.3.7 Mixing non-cohesive material with cement and either GGBS, (coal) fly ash or GBS
- 7 Tests on materials before treatment [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Determination of water content
- 7.2 Determination of particle size distribution
- 7.3 Determination of plasticity properties [Go to Page]
- 7.3.1 Determination of liquid limit
- 7.3.2 Determination of plastic limit
- 7.4 Determination of resistance to fragmentation
- 7.5 Determination of sulfate
- 7.6 Determination of chloride content
- 7.7 Determination of total organic content [Go to Page]
