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23/30448863 DC Draft of BS 7533-102 Pavements constructed with clay, concrete or natural stone paving units - Part 102. Installation of pavements using modular paving units. Code of practice, 2023
- 30448863 Form 36
- 30448863 [Go to Page]
- Publishing information
- Supersession
- Relationship with other publications
- Information about this document
- Hazard warnings
- Use of this document
- Presentational conventions
- Contractual and legal considerations
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms [Go to Page]
- 3.1 Terms and definitions [Go to Page]
- 3.1.1 aspect ratio
- 3.1.2 base
- 3.1.3 bedding mortar
- 3.1.4 binder
- 3.1.5 bishop’s mitre
- 3.1.6 bound construction
- 3.1.7 bound surface construction
- 3.1.8 capping layer
- 3.1.9 cement bound granular material (CBGM)
- 3.1.10 coarse graded aggregate (CGA)
- 3.1.11 clay paving unit
- 3.1.12 cobble
- 3.1.13 commercial vehicle
- 3.1.14 complementary fitting
- 3.1.15 concrete paving block
- 3.1.16 creep
- 3.1.17 design and build
- 3.1.18 drainage fitting
- 3.1.19 flag
- 3.1.20 level of formation
- 3.1.21 foundation
- 3.1.22 geogrid
- 3.1.23 geotextile
- 3.1.24 heavy goods vehicle HGV
- 3.1.25 hydraulic binder
- 3.1.26 hydraulic mortar
- 3.1.27 inboard cutting
- 3.1.28 inspection and test plan
- 3.1.29 interlock
- 3.1.30 joint
- 3.1.31 joint offset
- 3.1.32 joint width
- 3.1.33 jointing material
- 3.1.34 kerb race
- 3.1.35 kerb edge beam
- 3.1.36 laying course
- 3.1.37 laying face
- 3.1.38 laying pattern
- 3.1.39 light goods vehicle (LGV)
- 3.1.40 light commercial vehicle
- 3.1.41 modular pavement
- 3.1.42 mortar joint
- 3.1.43 movement joint
- 3.1.44 million standard axles msa
- 3.1.45 nib
- 3.1.46 pavement
- 3.1.47 paving unit
- 3.1.48 porcelain slab
- 3.1.49 public realm
- 3.1.50 race
- 3.1.51 restraint
- 3.1.52 screeder board
- 3.1.53 screeding rail
- 3.1.54 sett
- 3.1.55 sharp sand
- 3.1.56 slab
- 3.1.57 standard axle
- 3.1.58 statutory undertaker
- 3.1.59 stiffness modulus (E)
- 3.1.60 stop point
- 3.1.61 sub-base layer
- 3.1.62 sub-base material
- 3.1.63 subgrade
- 3.1.64 surface course
- 3.1.65 traffic categories
- 3.1.66 unbound construction
- 3.1.67 unbound surface course
- 3.1.68 void
- 3.1.69 windrow
- 3.2 Abbreviated terms
- 4 Traffic categories 3 and below where no design has been provided in accordance with BS 7533-101 [Go to Page]
- 4.1 General
- 4.2 Surface drainage [Go to Page]
- 1.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
- 5.
- 6.
- 7.
- 8.
- 8.1.
- 8.2.
- 4.3 Paving units and their installation [Go to Page]
- 8.3.
- 8.4.
- 4.3.1 Performance criteria for paving units
- 4.3.2 Standard dimensions of paving units
- 4.3.3 Non-standard paving units
- 4.3.4 Joint width
- 8.5. [Go to Page]
- 4.3.4.1 Joint width for unbound construction
- 4.3.4.2 Joint width for bound construction
- 4.3.5 Construction depth [Go to Page]
- 4.3.5.1 General
- 8.6. [Go to Page]
- 4.3.5.2 Thickness of bedding or laying course
- 4.3.6 Base layer for all surface construction types [Go to Page]
- 4.3.6.1 Minimum thickness
- 4.3.6.2 Sub-base and base layer materials
- 4.4 Site assessment and investigation [Go to Page]
- 8.7.
- 8.8.
- 4.4.1 Presence of plants and tree roots
- 4.4.2 Visual site investigation
- 4.4.3 Simple intrusive investigation
- 4.4.4 Previously built ground [Go to Page]
- 4.4.4.1 General
- 4.4.4.2 Adjacent areas combining existing base and new base construction
- 4.5 Kerbs and restraints [Go to Page]
- 8.9.
- 4.5.1 Kerbs and perimeter edge restraints
- 4.5.2 Intermediate restraints
- 4.6 Installation of kerbs and restraints
- 4.7 Construction of sub-base and base
- 4.8 Construction of an unbound pavement
- 4.9 Construction of a bound pavement
- 5 Pre-construction phase for work in all traffic categories [Go to Page]
- 5.1 Review of design and specification
- 5.2 Construction drawings
- 5.3 Risk assessments
- 5.4 Storage and disposal of waste
- 5.5 Construction programme management
- 5.6 Method statement [Go to Page]
- 5.6.1 General
- 5.6.2 Hold points
- 8.10.
- 8.11.
- 8.12.
- 8.13.
- 8.14.
- 5.6.3 Personnel and welfare
- 5.6.4 Equipment
- 5.6.5 Materials
- 5.6.6 Lead times
- 5.6.7 Acceptance and storage of materials
- 5.6.7 Recording and correcting defects identified during the installation
- 5.7 Inspection and test plan [Go to Page]
- 1.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
- 5.
- 6.
- 7.
- 8.
- 9.
- 9.1.
- 9.2.
- 9.3.
- 9.4.
- 9.5.
- 9.6.
- 5.8 Site investigation [Go to Page]
- 9.7.
- 5.8.1 General
- 5.8.2 Trial holes and ground conditions
- 5.8.3 Footprint test for subgrade (CBR)
- 5.8.4 Evaluation of existing materials for overlay construction
- 8.15.
- 5.8.5 Acceptance of overall construction design
- 6 Site set out [Go to Page]
- 6.1 General
- 6.2 Setting out datum point, lines and levels
- 7 Construction of sub-base and base for all traffic categories [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Sub-surface utilities
- 7.2 Prior to installation
- 7.3 Installation procedure
- 7.4 Sub-base and base compaction
- 7.5 Checks on thickness of sub-base and base
- 8 Installation of waterproofing layer for structural slabs
- 9 Installation of restraints, kerbs, drainage, and channel units [Go to Page]
- 9.1 General
- 9.2 Jointing kerbs
- 9.3 Bedding on a concrete edge beam or base using mortar
- 9.4 Laying units directly onto a windrow of fresh concrete
- 9.5 Concrete for installing kerbs and restraints
- 9.6 Fixing units to an existing surface
- 9.7 Construction details
- 9.8 Cutting kerbs and channels to short lengths
- 9.9 Laying kerbs and channels to a radius
- 9.10 Laying straight kerbs and channels to a radius
- 9.11 Trimming the end of straight kerbs and channels to form a radius
- 10 Construction of steps [Go to Page]
- 10.1 General
- 10.2 Surface water drainage
- 10.3 Monolithic precast concrete or natural stone steps [Go to Page]
- 10.
- 11.
- 12.
- 13.
- 14.
- 14.1.
- 14.2.
- 14.3.
- 10.3.1 General
- 10.3.2 Monolithic steps laid onto fresh concrete
- 10.3.3 Monolithic steps laid onto a profiled concrete foundation
- 10.4 Steps clad using modular paving units
- 10.5 Jointing steps [Go to Page]
- 14.4.
- 14.5.
- 10.5.1 General
- 10.5.2 Jointing steps with mortar
- 11 Sub-surface drainage [Go to Page]
- 11.1 Formation level
- 11.2 Surface course [Go to Page]
- 11.2.1 For a surface course laid using unbound construction, the base layer should be sufficiently water permeable to prevent the bedding layer becoming saturated.
- 11.2.2 Where an impermeable layer exists beneath the pavement construction such that the passage of water downwards is impeded, secondary lateral drainage should be provided where necessary.
- 11.2.3 Prior to installation of the surface course, the contractor should verify that the recommendations of 11.2.1 and 11.2.2 have been followed.
- 11.3 Bound surface course
- 12 Pavement construction falls and tolerances [Go to Page]
- 12.1 Surface gradients [Go to Page]
- 15.
- 16.
- 16.1.
- 12.2 Gradients of subsurface layers
- 12.3 Level tolerance of pavement layers and pavement surface regularity
- 13 Construction of a modular pavement surface course [Go to Page]
- 13.1 General
- 13.2 Setting out [Go to Page]
- 17.
- 17.1.
- 17.2.
- 13.2.1 General
- 13.2.2 Rectangular paving units laid in stretcher bond pattern
- 13.2.3 Rectangular paving units having varying or random lengths
- 13.2.4 Rectangular units not aligning with an edge at 90
- 13.2.5 Units laid in arched patterns
- 13.2.6 Cutting of rectangular paving units to form curved rows
- 13.2.7 Irregularly shaped interlocking paving units
- 13.2.8 Complementary paving units
- 13.3 Cutting of paving units around obstructions [Go to Page]
- 17.3.
- 13.3.1 General
- 13.3.2 False joints
- 14 Construction of an unbound surface course [Go to Page]
- 14.1 Preparation [Go to Page]
- 18.
- 18.1.
- 18.2.
- 14.1.1 General
- 14.1.2 Tolerances and levels for unbound surface construction
- 14.1.3 Installation over an impermeable base
- 14.2 Installation of laying course for unbound surface construction [Go to Page]
- 18.3.
- 14.2.1 General
- 14.2.2 Moisture content
- 14.2.3 Precast concrete, clay and sawn sided stone paving units
- 14.2.4 Cropped and riven paving units
- 14.3 Installation of paving units for unbound surface construction [Go to Page]
- 18.4.
- 14.3.1 Precast concrete, clay and sawn sided stone paving units
- 14.3.2 Cropped sided paving units
- 14.3.3 Joint widths for unbound surface construction
- 14.4 Compaction procedure [Go to Page]
- 18.5.
- 14.4.1 General
- 14.4.2 Temporary restraints in unbound surface construction
- 14.4.3 Initial compaction of paving units into the bedding layer
- 14.4.4 Final compaction of paving units into the laying course
- 14.5 Joint filling after compaction of paving units into the laying course
- 14.6 Secondary compaction of the surface course
- 14.7 Construction in adverse weather conditions for unbound surface construction
- 14.8 Additional work after early trafficking for unbound surface construction [Go to Page]
- 18.6.
- 18.7.
- 18.8.
- 18.9.
- 18.10.
- 15 Construction of a bound surface course [Go to Page]
- 15.1 Movement joints in bound surface construction [Go to Page]
- 19.
- 19.1.
- 19.2.
- 15.1.1 General
- 15.1.2 Contraction and day joints
- 15.2 Tolerances and levels for bound pavements
- 15.3 Preparation [Go to Page]
- 19.3.
- 19.4.
- 15.3.1 General
- 15.3.2 Bound surface course laid upon a concrete or other hydraulically bound base
- 15.3.3 Bound surface course laid upon an asphalt concrete base
- 15.3.4 Bound surface course laid over an unbound sub-base or base
- 15.4 Bedding of bound construction [Go to Page]
- 19.5.
- 15.4.1 General
- 15.4.2 Cleaning of paving units prior to laying
- 15.4.3 Laying of bedding mortar with bonding mortar on a concrete base
- 15.4.4 Laying of paving units with bonding mortar
- 15.4.5 Laying of bedding mortar and paving units without bonding mortar
- 15.5 Filling of open joints using mortar [Go to Page]
- 19.6.
- 15.5.1 General
- 15.5.2 Filling of joints using a mortar slurry grout
- 15.5.3 Pointing of joints using a plastic consistency mortar
- 15.6 Construction in adverse weather conditions for bound surface construction
- 15.7 Protection and curing
- 15.8 Site sampling and testing [Go to Page]
- 19.7.
- 19.8.
- 15.8.1 Sampling of mortar components and proprietary mortar
- 15.8.2 Consistency of fresh mortar [Go to Page]
- 15.8.2.1 Plastic mix
- 15.8.2.2 Moist mix
- 15.8.3 Bedding mortar sample preparation
- 15.8.4 Jointing mortar sample preparation
- 15.8.5 Storage of samples on site
- 15.8.6 Frequency of sampling
- 15.8.7 Testing of samples
- 15.8.8 Early trafficking for bound surface construction
- 15.9 Infill concrete
- 15.10 Pavement cleaning following completion of works
- 16 Routine cleaning
- 17 Structural maintenance and repair [Go to Page]
- 17.1 General
- 17.2 Opening of modular pavement surfaces in unbound construction
- 17.3 Opening of modular pavement surfaces in bound construction [Go to Page]
- 20.
- 21.
- 21.1.
- 21.2.
- 21.3.
- 17.3.1 General
- 17.3.2 Removal of jointing mortar
- 17.3.3 Removal of large paving units, slabs and flags
- 17.3.4 Removal of small paving units, pavers and setts
- 17.3.5 Cleaning of paving units
- 17.4 Reinstatement of foundation layer in trench and openings [Go to Page]
- 21.4.
- 17.4.1 General
- 17.4.2 Unbound construction
- 17.4.3 Bound construction
- 17.4.4 Foamed concrete
- 17.5 Reinstatement of unbound surface layer [Go to Page]
- 21.5.
- 17.5.1 Preparation before laying
- 17.5.2 Laying of paving units
- 17.6 Reinstatement of bound surface layer [Go to Page]
- 21.6.
- 17.6.1 Preparation before laying
- 17.6.2 Laying of paving units
- 17.7 Reinstatement of damaged or lost jointing mortar in bound pavements
- Annex A (informative) Simple permeameter test [Go to Page]
- A.1 Principle
- A.2 Test equipment [Go to Page]
- A.2.1 Metal or plastic ring, having inside diameter minimum 290 mm and height minimum 30 mm.
- A.2.2 Mastic sealant, rapid setting mortar or another method of making a watertight seal between the ring to the surface of the base to be tested.
- A.2.3 Circular template or stencil, having outside diameter equal to the inside diameter of the ring.
- A.2.4 Test liquid, consisting of clean water.
- A.2.5 Stopwatch.
- A.3 Test procedure [Go to Page]
- A.3.1 Place the circular template or stencil on the surface of the base to be tested.
- A.3.2 Apply the sealant or mortar to the surface of the base, around the perimeter of the stencil, to a width of at least 10 mm.
- A.3.3 Remove the stencil.
- A.3.4 Press the metal or plastic ring into the sealant so that a watertight seal is achieved.
- A.3.5 If the materials used to form a seal require a period of time to cure, allow this time to elapse before proceeding further with the test.
- A.3.6 Make a mark on the inner wall of the ring, 30 mm above the surface of the base.
- A.3.7 Pour sufficient clean water into the ring to thoroughly wet the surface, typically not less than 2 l.
- A.3.8 After approximately 60 s, add clean water, up to the level of the 30 mm mark.
- A.3.9 Using the stopwatch, measure the time taken until all water has drained through the surface of the base.
- A.4 Evaluation of test results
- Annex B (informative) Identification of materials and CBR values using a simple field test [Go to Page]
- Table B.1 Identification of materials and CBR values
- Annex C (informative) Concrete and mortar slump test [Go to Page]
- C.1 General
- C.2 Test equipment [Go to Page]
- C.2.1 Hollow cone or conical shaped container (see Figure C.1).
- C.2.2 Compacting rod (see Figure C.1).
- C.2.3 Ruler or tape measure.
- C.2.4 Non-absorbent, stiff base plate, which is wider than and fully covers the open mouth at the base of the conical container (see Figure C.1).
- C.2.5 Shovel or trowel.
- C.2.6 Timer.
- C.3 Test procedure
- C.4 Measurement
- Annex D (normative) Falls for surface drainage to pavements
- Annex E (normative) Materials [Go to Page]
- E.1 Foundation and unbound base materials
- E.2 Bound base materials
- E.3 Laying course materials for unbound surface construction [Go to Page]
- E.3.1 General
- E.3.2 Concrete blocks and flags, clay pavers and sawn sided sandstone setts in all traffic categories for unbound surface construction
- E.3.3 Natural stone slabs in all traffic categories and cropped natural stone setts in traffic categories 1 to 4 for unbound surface construction
- E.3.4 Cropped natural stone setts in traffic categories 5 to 9 for unbound surface construction
- E.4 Laying course materials for bound surface construction [Go to Page]
- E.4.1 Proprietary bedding mortar
- E.4.2 Site-batched non-proprietary bedding mortar for bound surface construction
- E.4.3 Bonding mortar for bound surface construction
- E.5 Jointing materials for unbound surface construction [Go to Page]
- E.5.1 General
- E.5.2 Concrete, clay and sawn sided paving units for unbound surface construction
- E.5.3 Cropped/cleft stone paving units for unbound surface construction
- E.6 Jointing materials for bound surface construction [Go to Page]
- E.6.1 Slurry grout jointing mortar
- E.6.2 Proprietary jointing mortar
- E.6.3 Site-batched non-proprietary jointing mortar for bound surface construction
- E.7 Light reflection value
- E.8 Concrete blocks [Go to Page]
- E.8.1 General
- E.8.2 Weathering resistance
- E.8.3 Abrasion resistance
- E.9 Concrete flags [Go to Page]
- E.9.1 General
- E.9.2 Weathering resistance
- E.9.3 Abrasion resistance
- E.10 Clay pavers [Go to Page]
- E.10.1 General
- E.10.2 Weathering resistance
- E.10.3 Abrasion resistance
- E.11 Natural stone setts and slabs [Go to Page]
- E.11.1 General [Go to Page]
- E.11.1.1 Any natural stone setts used:
- E.11.1.2 Only natural stone slabs conforming to BS EN 1341 should be used.
- E.11.2 Flexural strength of natural stone slabs
- E.11.3 Abrasion resistance
- E.11.4 Water absorption
- E.11.5 Weathering resistance
- E.12 Concrete kerbs [Go to Page]
- E.12.1 General
- E.12.2 Bending strength
- E.12.3 Weathering resistance
- E.12.4 Abrasion resistance
- E.13 Natural stone kerbs
- E.14 Declaration of Performance (DoP)
- Annex F (informative) Slip/skid resistance [Go to Page]
- F.1 Introduction
- F.2 Trafficked surfaces
- F.3 Construction of slip/skid resistant surfaces
- F.4 Maintenance and risk management
- F.5 Slip/skid resistance requirements [Go to Page]
- F.5.1 Introduction
- F.5.2 USRV and PPV/PSRV
- F.5.3 Additional testing considerations
- Annex G (normative) Reference sample, visual inspection and acceptance
- Annex H (informative) Vibratory compaction equipment for surface and subsurface layers
- Annex I (informative) Typical edge restraint and linear drainage details
- Annex K (informative) Typical movement joint details
- Annex L (informative) Modular payment laying patterns
- Annex M (informative) Roles and responsibilities [Go to Page]
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- J
- K
- L
- M
- N
- M.1 General
- M.2 Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 [13]
- M.3 Client’s responsibilities
- M.4 Designers’ responsibilities
- M.5 Project manager’s responsibilities
- M.6 Contractor’s responsibilities
- M.7 Design and build responsibilities [Go to Page]