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eLibrary > ASCE Standard 7: Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures >

ASCE Standard 7: Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures, 2022

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ASCE Standard 7: Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures, 2022

Cover
Copyright
ASCE STANDARDS
Tips for Using This Standard
BRIEF CONTENTS
CONTENTS
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
DEDICATION
Standard ASCE/SEI 7-22 [Go to Page]
Chapter 1: General [Go to Page]
1.1 Scope
1.2 Definitions and Symbols [Go to Page]
1.2.1 Definitions
1.2.2 Symbols
1.3 Basic Requirements [Go to Page]
1.3.1 Strength and Stiffness
1.3.2 Serviceability
1.3.3 Functionality
1.3.4 Self-Straining Forces and Effects
1.3.5 Analysis
1.3.6 Counteracting Structural Actions
1.3.7 Fire Resistance
1.4 General Structural Integrity [Go to Page]
1.4.1 Load Path Connections
1.4.2 Lateral Forces
1.4.3 Connection to Supports
1.4.4 Anchorage of Structural Walls
1.4.5 Extraordinary Loads and Events
1.5 Classification of Buildings and Other Structures [Go to Page]
1.5.1 Risk Categorization
1.5.2 Multiple Risk Categories
"1.5.3 Toxic, Highly Toxic, and Explosive Substances "
1.6 In Situ Load Tests [Go to Page]
1.6.1 Load Test Procedure Specified Elsewhere
1.6.2 Load Test Procedure Not Specified Elsewhere
1.7 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 2: Combinations of Loads [Go to Page]
2.1 General
2.2 Symbols
2.3 Load Combinations for Strength Design [Go to Page]
2.3.1 Basic Combinations
2.3.2 Load Combinations Including Flood Load
2.3.3 Load Combinations Including Atmospheric Ice and Wind-on-Ice Loads
2.3.4 Load Combinations Including Self-Straining Forces and Effects
2.3.5 Load Combinations for Nonspecified Loads
2.3.6 Basic Combinations with Seismic Load Effects
2.3.7 Alternative Method for Loads from Water in Soil
2.4 Load Combinations for Allowable Stress Design [Go to Page]
2.4.1 Basic Combinations
2.4.2 Load Combinations Including Flood Load
2.4.3 Load Combinations Including Atmospheric Ice and Wind-on-Ice Loads
2.4.4 Load Combinations Including Self-Straining Forces and Effects
2.4.5 Basic Combinations with Seismic Load Effects
2.5 Load Combinations for Extraordinary Events [Go to Page]
2.5.1 Applicability
2.5.2 Load Combinations
2.5.3 Stability Requirements
2.6 Load Combinations for General Structural Integrity Loads [Go to Page]
2.6.1 Strength Design Notional Load Combinations
2.6.2 Allowable Stress Design Notional Load Combinations
2.7 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 3: Dead Loads, Soil Loads, and Hydrostatic Pressure [Go to Page]
3.1 Dead Loads [Go to Page]
3.1.1 Definition
3.1.2 Weights of Materials of Construction
3.1.3 Weight of Fixed Service Equipment
3.1.4 Vegetative and Landscaped Roofs
3.1.5 Solar Panels
3.2 Soil Loads and Hydrostatic Pressure [Go to Page]
3.2.1 Lateral Pressures
3.2.2 Uplift Loads on Floors and Foundations
3.3 Alternative Method for Loads from Water in Soil
3.4 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 4: Live Loads [Go to Page]
4.1 Definitions
4.2 Loads Not Specified
4.3 Uniformly Distributed Live Loads [Go to Page]
4.3.1 Required Live Loads
4.3.2 Provision for Partitions
4.3.3 Partial Loading
4.3.4 Interior Walls and Partitions
4.4 Concentrated Live Loads
"4.5 Loads on Handrail, Guard, Grab Bar, and Vehicle Barrier Systems, and on Shower Seats and Fixed Ladders " [Go to Page]
4.5.1 Handrail and Guard Systems
4.5.2 Grab Bar Systems and Shower Seats
4.5.3 Vehicle Barrier Systems
4.5.4 Fixed Ladders
4.6 Impact Loads [Go to Page]
4.6.1 General
4.6.2 Elevators
4.6.3 Machinery
4.6.4 Elements Supporting Hoists for Façade Access and Building Maintenance Equipment
"4.6.5 Fall Arrest, Lifeline, and Rope Descent System Anchorages "
4.7 Reduction in Uniform Live Loads [Go to Page]
4.7.1 General
4.7.2 Reduction in Uniform Live Loads
4.7.3 Heavy Live Loads
4.7.4 Passenger Vehicle Garages
4.7.5 Assembly Area Loads
4.7.6 Limitations on One-Way Slabs
4.8 Reduction in Uniform Roof Live Loads [Go to Page]
4.8.1 General
"4.8.2 Ordinary Roofs, Awnings, and Canopies "
4.8.3 Occupiable Roofs
4.9 Crane Loads [Go to Page]
4.9.1 General
4.9.2 Maximum Wheel Load
4.9.3 Vertical Impact Force
4.9.3.1 Bridge Crane Service Class
4.9.4 Lateral Force
4.9.5 Longitudinal Force
4.10 Garage and Vehicular Floor Loads [Go to Page]
4.10.1 Passenger Vehicle Garages
4.10.2 Truck and Bus Garages
"4.10.3 Sidewalks, Vehicular Driveways, and Yards Subject to Trucking "
4.10.4 Emergency Vehicle Loads
4.11 Helipad Loads [Go to Page]
4.11.1 General
4.11.2 Concentrated Helicopter Loads
4.12 Uninhabitable Attics [Go to Page]
4.12.1 Uninhabitable Attics without Storage
4.12.2 Uninhabitable Attics with Storage
4.13 Library Stack Rooms
4.14 Seating for Assembly Uses
4.15 Stair Treads
4.16 Solar Panel Loads [Go to Page]
4.16.1 Roof Loads at Solar Panels
4.16.2 Load Combination
4.16.3 Open-Grid Roof Structures Supporting Solar Panels
4.17 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 5: Flood Loads [Go to Page]
5.1 General
5.2 Definitions
5.3 Design Requirements [Go to Page]
5.3.1 Design Loads
5.3.2 Erosion and Scour
5.3.3 Loads on Breakaway Walls
5.4 Loads during Flooding [Go to Page]
5.4.1 Load Basis
5.4.2 Hydrostatic Loads
5.4.3 Hydrodynamic Loads
5.4.4 Wave Loads
5.4.5 Impact Loads
5.5 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 6: Tsunami Loads and Effects [Go to Page]
6.1 General Requirements [Go to Page]
6.1.1 Scope
6.2 Definitions
6.3 Symbols and Notation
6.4 Tsunami Risk Categories
6.5 Analysis of Design Inundation Depth and Flow Velocity [Go to Page]
6.5.1 Tsunami Risk Category II and III Buildings and Other Structures
6.5.2 Tsunami Risk Category IV Buildings and Other Structures
6.5.3 Sea Level Change
6.6 Inundation Depths and Flow Velocities Based on Runup [Go to Page]
6.6.1 Maximum Inundation Depth and Flow Velocities Based on Runup
6.6.2 Energy Grade Line Analysis of Maximum Inundation Depths and Flow Velocities
6.6.3 Terrain Roughness
6.6.4 Tsunami Bores
6.6.5 Amplified Flow Velocities
6.7 Inundation Depths and Flow Velocities Based on Site-Specific Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis [Go to Page]
6.7.1 Tsunami Waveform
6.7.2 Tsunamigenic Sources
6.7.3 Earthquake Rupture Unit Source Tsunami Functions for Offshore Tsunami Amplitude
6.7.4 Treatment of Modeling and Natural Uncertainties
6.7.5 Offshore Tsunami Amplitude
6.7.6 Procedures for Determining Tsunami Inundation and Runup
6.7.6.8 Determining Site-Specific Inundation Flow Parameters
6.7.6.9 Tsunami Design Parameters for Flow over Land
6.8 Structural Design Procedures for Tsunami Effects [Go to Page]
6.8.1 Performance of Tsunami Risk Category II and III Buildings and Other Structures
6.8.2 Performance of Tsunami Risk Category III Critical Facilities and Tsunami Risk Category IV Buildings and Other Structures
6.8.3 Structural Performance Evaluation
6.8.3.3 Load Combinations
6.8.3.4 Lateral-Force-Resisting System Acceptance Criteria
6.8.3.5 Structural Component Acceptance Criteria
6.8.4 Minimum Fluid Density for Tsunami Loads
6.8.5 Flow Velocity Amplification
"6.8.10 Physical Modeling of Tsunami Flow, Loads, and Effects "
6.8.6 Directionality of Flow
6.8.7 Minimum Closure Ratio for Load Determination
6.8.8 Minimum Number of Tsunami Flow Cycles
6.8.9 Seismic Effects on the Foundations Preceding Local Subduction Zone Maximum Considered Tsunami
6.9 Hydrostatic Loads [Go to Page]
6.9.1 Buoyancy
6.9.2 Unbalanced Lateral Hydrostatic Force
6.9.3 Residual Water Surcharge Load on Floors and Walls
6.9.4 Hydrostatic Surcharge Pressure on Foundation
6.10 Hydrodynamic Loads [Go to Page]
6.10.1 Simplified Equivalent Uniform Lateral Static Pressure
6.10.2 Detailed Hydrodynamic Lateral Forces
6.10.3 Hydrodynamic Pressures Associated with Slabs
6.10.3.3 Tsunami Bore Flow Entrapped in Structural Wall-Slab Recesses
6.11 Debris Impact Loads [Go to Page]
6.11.1 Alternative Simplified Debris Impact Static Load
6.11.2 Wood Logs and Poles
6.11.3 Impact by Vehicles
6.11.4 Impact by Submerged Tumbling Boulder and Concrete Debris
"6.11.5 Site Hazard Assessment for Shipping Containers, Ships, and Barges "
6.11.6 Shipping Containers
6.11.7 Extraordinary Debris Impacts
6.11.8 Alternative Methods of Response Analysis
6.12 FOUNDATION DESIGN [Go to Page]
6.12.1 Resistance Factors for Foundation Stability Analyses
6.12.2 Load and Effect Characterization
6.12.3 Alternative Foundation Performance-Based Design Criteria
6.12.4 Foundation Countermeasures
6.13 Structural Countermeasures for Tsunami Loading [Go to Page]
6.13.1 Open Structures
6.13.2 Tsunami Barriers
6.14 Tsunami Vertical Evacuation Refuge Structures [Go to Page]
6.14.1 Minimum Inundation Elevation and Depth
6.14.2 Refuge Live Load
6.14.3 Laydown Impacts
6.14.4 Information on Construction Documents
6.14.5 Peer Review
6.15 Designated Nonstructural Components and Systems [Go to Page]
6.15.1 Performance Requirements
6.16 Nonbuilding Tsunami Risk Category III and IV Structures [Go to Page]
6.16.1 Requirements for Tsunami Risk Category III Nonbuilding Structures
6.16.2 Requirements for Tsunami Risk Category IV Nonbuilding Structures
6.17 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 7: Snow Loads [Go to Page]
7.1 Definitions and Symbols [Go to Page]
7.1.1 Definitions
7.1.2 Symbols
"7.2 Ground Snow Loads, pg "
"7.3 Flat Roof Snow Loads, pf " [Go to Page]
"7.3.1 Exposure Factor, Ce "
"7.3.2 Thermal Factor, Ct "
"7.3.3 Minimum Snow Load for Low-Slope Roofs, pm "
"7.4 Sloped Roof Snow Loads, ps " [Go to Page]
"7.4.1 Slope Factor, Cs "
7.4.2 Slope Factor for Curved Roofs
"7.4.3 Slope Factor for Multiple Folded Plate, Sawtooth, and Barrel Vault Roofs "
7.4.4 Ice Dams and Icicles along Eaves
7.4.5 Sloped Roof Snow Loads for Air-Supported Structures
7.5 Partial Loading [Go to Page]
7.5.1 Continuous Beam Systems
7.5.2 Other Structural Systems
7.6 Unbalanced Roof Snow Loads [Go to Page]
7.6.1 Unbalanced Snow Loads for Hip and Gable Roofs
7.6.2 Unbalanced Snow Loads for Curved Roofs
"7.6.3 Unbalanced Snow Loads for Multiple Folded Plate, Sawtooth, and Barrel Vault Roofs "
7.6.4 Unbalanced Snow Loads for Dome Roofs
7.7 Drifts on Lower Roofs (Aerodynamic Shade) [Go to Page]
7.7.1 Lower Roof of a Structure
7.7.2 Adjacent Structures
7.7.3 Intersecting Drifts
7.8 Roof Projections and Parapets
7.9 Sliding Snow
7.10 Rain-On-Snow Surcharge Load
7.11 Ponding Instability
7.12 Existing Roofs
7.13 Snow on Open-Frame Equipment Structures [Go to Page]
7.13.1 Snow at Top Level
7.13.2 Snow at Levels below the Top Level
7.13.3 Snow Loads on Pipes and Cable Trays
7.13.4 Snow Loads on Equipment and Equipment Platforms
7.14 ALTERNATE PROCEDURE [Go to Page]
7.14.1 Limitations on Snow Loads Derived from Scale Model Studies
7.14.2 Consideration of Thermal Performance in Model Studies
7.15 Consensus Standards and other Referenced Documents
Chapter 8: Rain Loads [Go to Page]
8.1 Definitions and Symbols [Go to Page]
8.1.1 Definitions
8.1.2 Symbols
8.2 Design Rain Loads
8.3 Bays with Low Slope
8.4 Drainage to Existing Roofs
8.5 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 9: RESERVED FOR FUTURE PROVISIONS
Chapter 10: Ice Loads-Atmospheric Icing [Go to Page]
10.1 General [Go to Page]
10.1.1 Site-Specific Studies
10.1.2 Dynamic Loads
10.1.3 Exclusions
10.2 Definitions
10.3 Symbols
10.4 Ice Loads Caused By Freezing Rain [Go to Page]
10.4.1 Ice Load
10.4.2 Nominal Ice Thickness
10.4.3 Height Factor
10.4.4 Topographic Factor
10.4.5 Design Ice Thickness for Freezing Rain
10.5 Wind on Ice-Covered Structures [Go to Page]
"10.5.1 Wind on Ice-Covered Chimneys, Tanks, and Similar Structures "
10.5.2 Wind on Ice-Covered Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid Signs
10.5.3 Wind on Ice-Covered Open Signs and Lattice Frameworks
10.5.4 Wind on Ice-Covered Trussed Towers
10.5.5 Wind on Ice-Covered Guys and Cables
10.6 Design Temperatures for Freezing Rain
10.7 Partial Loading
10.8 Design Procedure
10.9 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 11: Seismic Design Criteria [Go to Page]
11.1 General [Go to Page]
11.1.1 Purpose
11.1.2 Scope
11.1.3 Applicability
11.1.4 Alternate Materials and Methods of Construction
11.1.5 Quality Assurance
11.2 Definitions
11.3 Symbols
11.4 Seismic Ground Motion Values [Go to Page]
11.4.1 Near-Fault Sites
11.4.2 Site Class
11.4.3 Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER) Spectral Response Acceleration Parameters
11.4.4 Design Spectral Acceleration Parameters
11.4.5 Design Response Spectrum
11.4.6 Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER) Response Spectrum
11.4.7 Site-Specific Ground Motion Procedures
11.5 Importance Factor and Risk Category [Go to Page]
11.5.1 Importance Factor
11.5.2 Protected Access for Risk Category IV
11.6 Seismic Design Category
11.7 Design Requirements for Seismic Design Category A
11.8 Geologic Hazards and Geotechnical Investigation [Go to Page]
11.8.1 Site Limitation for Seismic Design Categories E and F
11.8.2 Geotechnical Investigation Report Requirements for Seismic Design Categories C through F
11.8.3 Additional Geotechnical Investigation Report Requirements for Seismic Design Categories D through F
11.9 Vertical Ground Motions for Seismic Design [Go to Page]
11.9.1 General
11.9.2 MCER Vertical Response Spectrum
11.9.3 Design Vertical Response Spectrum
11.10 Consensus Standards and other Referenced Documents
Chapter 12: Seismic Design Requirements for Building Structures [Go to Page]
12.1 Structural Design Basis [Go to Page]
12.1.1 Basic Requirements
"12.1.2 Member Design, Connection Design, and Deformation Limit "
12.1.3 Continuous Load Path and Interconnection
12.1.4 Connection to Supports
12.1.5 Foundation Design
12.1.6 Material Design and Detailing Requirements
12.2 Structural System Selection [Go to Page]
12.2.1 Selection and Limitations
12.2.2 Combinations of Framing Systems in Different Directions
12.2.3 Combinations of Framing Systems in the Same Direction
12.2.4 Combination Framing Detailing Requirements
12.2.5 System-Specific Requirements
"12.3 Diaphragm Flexibility, Configuration Irregularities, and Redundancy " [Go to Page]
12.3.1 Diaphragm Flexibility
12.3.2 Irregular and Regular Classification
12.3.3 Limitations and Additional Requirements for Systems with Structural Irregularities
12.3.4 Redundancy
12.4 Seismic Load Effects and Combinations [Go to Page]
12.4.1 Applicability
12.4.2 Seismic Load Effect
12.4.3 Seismic Load Effects Including Overstrength
12.4.4 Minimum Upward Force for Horizontal Cantilevers for Seismic Design Categories D through F
12.5 Direction of Loading [Go to Page]
12.5.1 Direction of Loading Criteria
12.5.2 Seismic Design Category B
12.5.3 Seismic Design Category C
12.5.4 Seismic Design Categories D through F
12.6 Analysis Procedure Selection
12.7 Modeling Criteria [Go to Page]
12.7.1 Foundation Modeling
12.7.2 Effective Seismic Weight
12.7.3 Structural Modeling
12.7.4 Interaction Effects
12.8 Equivalent Lateral Force (ELF) Procedure [Go to Page]
12.8.1 Seismic Base Shear
12.8.2 Period Determination
12.8.3 Vertical Distribution of Seismic Forces
12.8.4 Horizontal Distribution of Forces
12.8.5 Overturning
12.8.6 Displacement and Drift Determination
12.8.7 P-Delta Effects
12.9 Linear Dynamic Analysis [Go to Page]
12.9.1 Modal Response Spectrum Analysis
12.9.2 Linear Response History Analysis
"12.10 Diaphragms, Chords, and Collectors " [Go to Page]
12.10.1 Diaphragm Design
12.10.2 Collector Elements
"12.10.3 Alternative Design Provisions for Diaphragms, Including Chords and Collectors "
12.10.4 Alternative Diaphragm Design Provisions for One-Story Structures with Flexible Diaphragms and Rigid Vertical Elements
12.11 Structural Walls and Their Anchorage [Go to Page]
12.11.1 Design for Out-of-Plane Forces
12.11.2 Anchorage of Structural Walls and Transfer of Design Forces into Diaphragms or Other Supporting Structural Elements
12.12 Drift and Deformation [Go to Page]
12.12.1 Story Drift Limit
12.12.2 Structural Separation
12.12.3 Members Spanning between Structures
12.12.4 Deformation Compatibility for Seismic Design Categories D through F
12.13 Foundation Design [Go to Page]
12.13.1 Design Basis
12.13.2 Materials of Construction
12.13.3 Foundation Load-Deformation Characteristics
12.13.4 Reduction of Foundation Overturning
12.13.5 Strength Design for Foundation Geotechnical Capacity
12.13.6 Allowable Stress Design for Foundation Geotechnical Capacity
12.13.7 Requirements for Structures Assigned to Seismic Design Category C
12.13.8 Requirements for Structures Assigned to Seismic Design Categories D through F
12.13.9 Requirements for Foundations Subject to Seismically-Induced Soil Displacement or Strength Loss
12.14 Simplified Alternative Structural Design Criteria for Simple Bearing Wall or Building Frame Systems [Go to Page]
12.14.1 General
12.14.2 Design Basis
12.14.3 Seismic Load Effects
12.14.4 Seismic Force-Resisting System
12.14.5 Diaphragm Flexibility
12.14.6 Application of Loading
12.14.7 Design and Detailing Requirements
12.14.8 Simplified Lateral Force Analysis Procedure
12.15 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 13: Seismic Design Requirements for Nonstructural Components [Go to Page]
13.1 General [Go to Page]
13.1.1 Scope
13.1.2 Seismic Design Category
13.1.3 Component Importance Factor
13.1.4 Exemptions
13.1.5 Premanufactured Modular Mechanical and Electrical Systems
13.1.6 Application of Nonstructural Component Requirements to Nonbuilding Structures
13.1.7 Reference Documents
13.1.8 Reference Documents Using Allowable Stress Design
13.2 General Design Requirements [Go to Page]
"13.2.1 Applicable Requirements for Architectural, Mechanical, and Electrical Components, Supports, and Attachments "
13.2.2 Load Combinations
13.2.3 Special Certification Requirements for Designated Seismic Systems
13.2.4 Consequential Damage
13.2.5 Flexibility
13.2.6 Testing Alternative for Seismic Capacity Determination
13.2.7 Experience Data Alternative for Seismic Capacity Determination
13.2.8 Construction Documents
13.2.9 Supported Nonstructural Components with Greater than or Equal to 20% Combined Weight
13.3 Seismic Demands on Nonstructural Components [Go to Page]
13.3.1 Horizontal Seismic Design Forces
13.3.2 Seismic Relative Displacements
13.3.3 Component Period
13.4 Nonstructural Component Anchorage and Attachment [Go to Page]
13.4.1 Design Force in the Attachment
13.4.2 Anchors in Concrete or Masonry
13.4.3 Installation Conditions
13.4.4 Multiple Attachments
13.4.5 Power-Actuated Fasteners
13.4.6 Friction Clips
13.5 Architectural Components [Go to Page]
13.5.1 General.
13.5.2 Forces and Displacements
13.5.3 Exterior Nonstructural Wall Elements and Connections
13.5.4 Glass
13.5.5 Out-of-Plane Bending
13.5.6 Suspended Ceilings
13.5.7 Access Floors
13.5.8 Partitions
"13.5.9 Glass in Glazed Curtain Walls, Glazed Storefronts, and Glazed Partitions "
13.5.10 Egress Stairs and Ramps
13.5.11 Penthouses and Rooftop Structures
13.6 Mechanical and Electrical Components [Go to Page]
13.6.1 General
13.6.2 Mechanical Components
13.6.3 Electrical Components
13.6.4 Component Supports
"13.6.5 Distribution Systems: Conduit, Cable Tray, and Raceways "
13.6.6 Distribution Systems: Duct Systems
13.6.7 Distribution Systems: Piping and Tubing Systems
13.6.8 Distribution Systems: Trapezes with a Combination of Systems
13.6.9 Utility and Service Lines
13.6.10 Boilers and Pressure Vessels
13.6.11 Elevator and Escalator Design Requirements
13.6.12 Rooftop Solar Panels
13.6.13 Other Mechanical and Electrical Components
13.7 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 14: Material-Specific Seismic Design and Detailing Requirements [Go to Page]
14.0 Scope
14.1 Steel [Go to Page]
14.1.1 Reference Documents
14.1.2 Structural Steel
14.1.3 Cold-Formed Steel
14.1.4 Cold-Formed Steel Light-Frame Construction
14.1.5 Cold-Formed Steel Deck Diaphragms
14.1.6 Concrete-Filled Steel Deck Diaphragms
14.1.7 Open Web Steel Joists and Joist Girders
14.1.8 Steel Cables
14.1.9 Additional Detailing Requirements for Steel Piles in Seismic Design Categories D through F
14.2 Concrete [Go to Page]
14.2.1 Reference Documents
14.2.2 Modifications to ACI 318
14.3 Composite Steel and Concrete Structures [Go to Page]
14.3.1 Reference Documents
14.3.2 General
14.3.3 Seismic Requirements for Composite Steel and Concrete Structures
14.3.4 Metal-Cased Concrete Piles
14.4 Masonry [Go to Page]
14.4.1 Reference Documents
14.4.2 R Factors
14.4.3 Modifications to Chapter 7 of TMS 402
14.4.4 Modifications to Chapter 6 of TMS 402
14.4.5 Modifications to Chapter 9 of TMS 402
14.4.6 Modifications to Chapter 12 of TMS 402
14.5 Wood [Go to Page]
14.5.1 Reference Documents
14.6 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 15: Seismic Design Requirements for Nonbuilding Structures [Go to Page]
15.1 General [Go to Page]
15.1.1 Nonbuilding Structures
15.1.2 Design
15.1.3 Structural Analysis Procedure Selection
15.1.4 Nonbuilding Structures Sensitive to Vertical Ground Motions
15.2 Nonbuilding Structures Connected by Nonstructural Components to other Adjacent Structures [Go to Page]
15.2.1 General Requirements
15.2.2 Nonstructural Components Spanning between Nonbuilding Structures
15.3 Nonbuilding Structures Supported by Other Structures [Go to Page]
15.3.1 Supported Nonbuilding Structures with Less Than 20% of Combined Weight
15.3.2 Supported Nonbuilding Structures with Greater Than or Equal to 20% of Combined Weight
15.3.3 Nonstructural Components Supported by Nonbuilding Structures
15.4 Structural Design Requirements [Go to Page]
15.4.1 Design Basis
15.4.2 Rigid Nonbuilding Structures
15.4.3 Loads
15.4.4 Fundamental Period
15.4.5 Drift Limit
15.4.6 P-Delta
"15.4.7 Drift, Deflection, and Structure Separation "
15.4.8 Site-Specific Response Spectra
15.4.9 Anchors in Concrete or Masonry
15.4.10 Requirements for Nonbuilding Structure Foundations on Liquefiable Sites
15.4.11 Material Requirements
15.5 Nonbuilding Structures Similar to Buildings [Go to Page]
15.5.1 General
15.5.2 Pipe Racks
15.5.3 Storage Racks
15.6 General Requirements for Nonbuilding Structures not Similar to Buildings [Go to Page]
15.6.1 Earth-Retaining Structures
"15.6.2 Trussed Towers, Chimneys, and Stacks "
15.6.3 Amusement Structures
15.6.4 Special Hydraulic Structures
15.6.5 Secondary Containment Systems
15.6.6 Telecommunication Towers
15.6.7 Steel Tubular Support Structures for Onshore Wind Turbine Generator Systems
15.6.8 Ground-Supported Cantilever Walls or Fences
15.6.9 Reinforced Concrete Tabletop Structure for Rotating Equipment and Process Vessels or Drums
15.6.10 Steel Lighting System Support Pole Structures
15.7 Tanks and Vessels [Go to Page]
15.7.1 General
15.7.2 Design Basis
15.7.3 Strength and Ductility
15.7.4 Flexibility of Piping Attachments
15.7.5 Anchorage
15.7.6 Ground-Supported Storage Tanks for Liquids
15.7.7 Water Storage and Water Treatment Tanks and Vessels
15.7.8 Petrochemical and Industrial Tanks and Vessels Storing Liquids
15.7.9 Ground-Supported Storage Tanks for Granular Materials
15.7.10 Elevated Tanks and Vessels for Liquids and Granular Materials
15.7.11 Boilers and Pressure Vessels
15.7.12 Liquid and Gas Spheres
15.7.13 Refrigerated Gas Liquid Storage Tanks and Vessels
"15.7.14 Horizontal, Saddle-Supported Vessels for Liquid or Vapor Storage "
15.8 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 16: Nonlinear Response History Analysis [Go to Page]
16.1 General Requirements [Go to Page]
16.1.1 Scope
16.1.2 Linear Analysis
16.1.3 Vertical Response Analysis
16.1.4 Documentation
16.2 Ground Motions [Go to Page]
16.2.1 Target Response Spectrum
16.2.2 Ground Motion Selection
16.2.3 Ground Motion Modification
16.2.4 Application of Ground Motions to the Structural Model
16.3 Modeling and Analysis [Go to Page]
16.3.1 Modeling
16.3.2 Gravity Load
16.3.3 P-Delta Effects
16.3.4 Torsion
16.3.5 Damping
16.3.6 Explicit Foundation Modeling
16.4 Analysis Results and Acceptance Criteria [Go to Page]
16.4.1 Global Acceptance Criteria
16.4.2 Element-Level Acceptance Criteria
16.5 Design Review [Go to Page]
16.5.1 Reviewer Qualifications
16.5.2 Review Scope
16.6 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 17: Seismic Design Requirements for Seismically Isolated Structures [Go to Page]
17.1 General [Go to Page]
17.1.1 Definitions
17.1.2 Symbols
17.2 General Design Requirements [Go to Page]
17.2.1 Importance Factor
17.2.2 Configuration
17.2.3 Redundancy
17.2.4 Isolation System
17.2.5 Structural System
17.2.6 Elements of Structures and Nonstructural Components
17.2.7 Seismic Load Effects and Load Combinations
17.2.8 Isolation System Properties
17.3 Seismic Hazard [Go to Page]
17.3.1 Spectral Response Acceleration Parameters and Response Spectrum
17.3.2 Ground Motions for Response History Analysis
17.4 Analysis Procedure Selection [Go to Page]
17.4.1 Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure
17.4.2 Dynamic Procedures
17.5 Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure [Go to Page]
17.5.1 General
17.5.2 Deformation Characteristics of the Isolation System
17.5.3 Minimum Lateral Displacements Required for Design
17.5.4 Minimum Lateral Forces Required for Design
17.5.6 Drift Limits
17.6 Dynamic Analysis Procedures [Go to Page]
17.6.1 General
17.6.2 Modeling
17.6.3 Description of Procedures
17.6.4 Minimum Lateral Displacements and Forces
17.7 Design Review
17.8 Testing [Go to Page]
17.8.1 General
17.8.2 Prototype Tests
17.8.3 Determination of Force-Deflection Characteristics
17.8.4 Test Specimen Adequacy
17.8.5 Production Tests
17.9 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 18: Seismic Design Requirements for Structures with Damping Systems [Go to Page]
18.1 General [Go to Page]
18.1.1 Scope
18.1.2 Definitions
18.1.3 Symbols
18.2 General Design Requirements [Go to Page]
18.2.1 System Requirements
18.2.2 Seismic Hazard
18.2.3 Procedure Selection
18.2.4 Damping System
18.3 Nonlinear Response History Procedure [Go to Page]
18.3.1 Damping Device Modeling
18.3.2 Accidental Mass Eccentricity
18.3.3 Response Parameters
18.4 Seismic Load Conditions and Acceptance Criteria for Nonlinear Response History Procedure [Go to Page]
18.4.1 Seismic Force-Resisting System
18.4.2 Damping System
18.4.3 Combination of Load Effects
18.4.4 Acceptance Criteria for the Response Parameters of Interest
18.5 Design Review
18.6 Testing [Go to Page]
18.6.1 General
18.6.2 Prototype Tests
18.6.3 Production Tests
18.7 Alternate Procedures and Corresponding Acceptance Criteria [Go to Page]
18.7.1 Response Spectrum Procedure
18.7.2 Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure
18.7.3 Damped Response Modification
18.7.4 Seismic Load Conditions and Acceptance Criteria for RSA and ELF Procedures
18.8 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 19: Soil-Structure Interaction for Seismic Design [Go to Page]
19.1 General [Go to Page]
19.1.1 Scope
19.1.2 Definitions
19.1.3 Symbols
19.2 SSI Adjusted Structural Demands [Go to Page]
19.2.1 Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure
19.2.2 Linear Dynamic Analysis
19.2.3 Nonlinear Response History Procedure
19.3 Foundation Damping Effects [Go to Page]
19.3.1 Foundation Damping Requirements
19.3.2 Effective Damping Ratio
19.3.3 Radiation Damping for Rectangular Foundations
19.3.4 Radiation Damping for Circular Foundations
19.3.5 Soil Damping
19.4 Base Slab Averaging and Embedment (Kinematic) SSI Effects [Go to Page]
19.4.1 Base Slab Averaging
19.4.2 Embedment
19.5 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 20: Site Classification Procedure for Seismic Design [Go to Page]
20.1 Site Classification
20.2 Site Class Definitions [Go to Page]
20.2.1 Site Class F
20.2.2 Soft Clay Site Class E
"20.2.3 Site Classes C, CD, D, DE, and E "
20.2.4 Site Classes B and BC (Medium Hard and Soft Rock)
20.2.5 Site Class A (Hard Rock)
20.3 Estimation of Shear Wave Velocity Profiles
20.4 Definitions of Site Class Parameters [Go to Page]
"20.4.1 ¯vs, Average Shear Wave Velocity "
20.5 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 21: Site-Specific Ground Motion Procedures for Seismic Design [Go to Page]
21.1 Site Response Analysis [Go to Page]
21.1.1 Base Ground Motions
21.1.2 Site Condition Modeling
21.1.3 Site Response Analysis and Computed Results
21.2 Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER) Ground Motion Hazard Analysis [Go to Page]
21.2.1 Probabilistic (MCER) Ground Motions
21.2.2 Deterministic (MCER) Ground Motions
21.2.3 Site-Specific MCER Response Spectrum
21.3 Design Response Spectrum
21.4 Design Acceleration Parameters
21.5 Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric Mean (MCEG) Peak Ground Acceleration [Go to Page]
21.5.1 Probabilistic MCEG Peak Ground Acceleration
21.5.2 Deterministic MCEG Peak Ground Acceleration
21.5.3 Site-Specific MCEG Peak Ground Acceleration PGAM
21.6 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 22: Seismic Ground Motion and Long-Period Transition Maps [Go to Page]
22.1 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 23: Seismic Design Reference Documents [Go to Page]
23.1 Consensus Standards and Other Reference Documents
Chapter 24: RESERVED FOR FUTURE PROVISIONS
Chapter 25: RESERVED FOR FUTURE PROVISIONS
Chapter 26: Wind Loads: General Requirements [Go to Page]
26.1 Procedures [Go to Page]
26.1.1 Scope
26.1.2 Permitted Procedures
26.1.3 Performance-Based Procedures
26.2 Definitions
26.3 Symbols
26.4 General [Go to Page]
26.4.1 Sign Convention
26.4.2 Critical Load Condition
26.4.3 Wind Pressures Acting on Opposite Faces of Each Building Surface
26.5 Wind Hazard Map [Go to Page]
26.5.1 Basic Wind Speed
26.5.2 Special Wind Regions
26.5.3 Estimation of Basic Wind Speeds from Regional Climatic Data
26.6 Wind Directionality Factor
26.7 Exposure [Go to Page]
26.7.1 Wind Directions and Sectors
26.7.2 Surface Roughness Categories
26.7.3 Exposure Categories
26.7.4 Exposure Requirements
26.8 Topographic Effects [Go to Page]
"26.8.1 Wind Speed-Up over Hills, Ridges, and Escarpments "
26.8.2 Topographic Factor
26.9 Ground Elevation Factor
26.10 Velocity Pressure [Go to Page]
26.10.1 Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient
26.10.2 Velocity Pressure
26.11 Gust Effects [Go to Page]
26.11.1 Gust-Effect Factor
26.11.2 Frequency Determination
26.11.3 Approximate Natural Frequency
26.11.4 Rigid Buildings or Other Structures
26.11.5 Flexible Buildings or Other Structures
26.11.6 Rational Analysis
26.11.7 Limitations
26.12 Enclosure Classification [Go to Page]
26.12.1 General
26.12.2 Openings
26.12.3 Protection of Glazed Openings
26.13 Internal Pressure Coefficients [Go to Page]
"26.13.1 Reduction Factor for Large-Volume Buildings, Ri "
26.14 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 27: Wind Loads on Buildings: Main Wind Force Resisting System (Directional Procedure) [Go to Page]
27.1 Scope [Go to Page]
27.1.1 Building Types
27.1.2 Conditions
27.1.3 Limitations
27.1.4 Shielding
27.1.5 Minimum Design Wind Loads
27.2 General Requirements [Go to Page]
27.2.1 Wind Load Parameters Specified in Chapter 26
27.3 Wind Loads: Main Wind Force Resisting System [Go to Page]
"27.3.1 Enclosed, Partially Enclosed, and Partially Open Rigid and Flexible Buildings "
"27.3.2 Open Buildings with Monoslope, Pitched, or Troughed Free Roofs "
27.3.3 Roof Overhangs
27.3.4 Parapets
27.3.5 Design Wind Load Cases
27.4 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 28: Wind Loads on Buildings: Main Wind Force Resisting System (Envelope Procedure) [Go to Page]
28.1 Scope [Go to Page]
28.1.1 Building Types
28.1.2 Conditions
28.1.3 Limitations
28.1.4 Shielding
28.2 General Requirements [Go to Page]
28.2.1 Wind Load Parameters Specified in Chapter 26
28.3 Wind Loads: Main Wind Force Resisting System [Go to Page]
28.3.1 Design Wind Pressure for Low-Rise Buildings
28.3.2 Load Cases
28.3.3 Total Horizontal Load
28.3.4 Parapets
28.3.5 Roof Overhangs
28.3.6 Minimum Design Wind Loads
28.3.7 Horizontal Wind Loads on Open or Partially Enclosed Buildings with Transverse Frames and Pitched Roofs
28.4 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 29: Wind Loads on Building Appurtenances and Other Structures: Main Wind Force Resisting System (Directional Procedure) [Go to Page]
29.1 Scope [Go to Page]
29.1.1 Structure Types
29.1.2 Conditions
29.1.3 Limitations
29.1.4 Shielding
29.2 General Requirements [Go to Page]
29.2.1 Wind Load Parameters Specified in Chapter 26
29.3 Design Wind Loads: Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid Signs [Go to Page]
29.3.1 Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid Freestanding Signs
29.3.2 Solid Attached Signs
29.4 Design Wind Loads: Other Structures [Go to Page]
29.4.1 Rooftop Structures and Equipment for Buildings
"29.4.2 Design Wind Loads: Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks with h ≤ 120 ft (h ≤ 36.5 m), D ≤ 120 ft (D ≤ 36.5 m), and 0.25 ≤ HD ≤ 4 "
29.4.3 Rooftop Solar Panels for Buildings of All Heights with Flat Roofs or Gable or Hip Roofs with Slopes Less Than 7 Degrees
29.4.4 Rooftop Solar Panels Parallel to the Roof Surface on Buildings of All Heights and Roof Slopes
29.4.5 Ground-Mounted Fixed-Tilt Solar Panel Systems
29.5 Parapets
29.6 Roof Overhangs
29.7 Minimum Design Wind Loading
29.8 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 30: Wind Loads: Components and Cladding [Go to Page]
30.1 Scope [Go to Page]
30.1.1 Building Types
30.1.2 Conditions
30.1.3 Limitations
30.1.4 Shielding
30.1.5 Air-Permeable Cladding
30.2 General Requirements [Go to Page]
30.2.1 Wind Load Parameters Specified in Chapter 26
30.2.2 Minimum Design Wind Pressures
30.2.3 Tributary Areas Greater than 700 ft2 (65 m2)
30.2.4 External Pressure Coefficients
30.3 Building Types [Go to Page]
30.3.1 Conditions
30.3.2 Design Wind Pressures
30.4 Building Types [Go to Page]
30.4.1 Conditions
30.4.2 Design Wind Pressures
30.5 Building Types [Go to Page]
30.5.1 Conditions
30.5.2 Design Wind Pressures
30.6 Parapets
30.7 Roof Overhangs
30.8 Rooftop Structures and Equipment for Buildings
30.9 Attached Canopies on Buildings
"30.10 Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks with h ? 120ft (h ? 36.6m) " [Go to Page]
30.10.1 Design Wind Pressure
"30.10.2 External Walls of Isolated Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks "
"30.10.3 Internal Surface of Exterior Walls of Isolated Open-Topped Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks "
"30.10.4 Roofs of Isolated Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks "
"30.10.5 Undersides of Isolated Elevated Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks "
"30.10.6 Roofs and Walls of Grouped Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks "
30.11 Rooftop Solar Panels for Buildings of all Heights with Flat Roofs or Gable or Hip Roofs with Slopes Less Than 7 Degrees
30.12 Roof Pavers for Buildings of all Heights with Roof Slopes Less Than or Equal to 7 Degrees
30.13 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 31: Wind Tunnel Procedure [Go to Page]
31.1 Scope
31.2 Test Conditions
31.3 Dynamic Response
"31.4 Site Specific Load Effects for Buildings, Other Structures, and Components " [Go to Page]
31.4.1 Mean Recurrence Intervals of Load Effects
31.4.2 Limitations on Wind Speeds
31.4.3 Wind Directionality
31.4.4 Limitations on Loads
31.4.5 Limitations on Wind Loads for Ground-Mounted Fixed-Tilt Solar Panel Systems
"31.5 Load Effects for Buildings, Other Structures, and Components Used at Multiple Sites " [Go to Page]
31.5.1 Wind Loads
31.5.2 Limitations on Wind Loads for Rooftop Solar Panels
"31.5.3 Peer Review Requirements for Wind Tunnel Tests of Buildings, Other Structures, and Components used at Multiple Sites "
31.6 Peer Review Requirement for Wind Tunnel Tests
31.7 Wind-Borne Debris
31.8 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 32: Tornado Loads [Go to Page]
32.1 PROCEDURES [Go to Page]
32.1.1 Scope
32.1.2 Permitted Procedures
32.1.3 Performance-Based Procedures
32.2 DEFINITIONS
32.3 SYMBOLS AND NOTATION
32.4 GENERAL [Go to Page]
32.4.1 Sign Convention
32.4.2 Critical Load Condition
32.5 TORNADO HAZARD MAPS [Go to Page]
32.5.1 Tornado Speed
32.5.2 Design for Tornado Loads Not Required
32.5.3 Direction of Tornadic Wind
32.5.4 Effective Plan Area
32.6 TORNADO DIRECTIONALITY FACTOR
32.7 TORNADO EXPOSURE
32.8 TOPOGRAPHIC FACTOR
32.9 GROUND ELEVATION FACTOR
32.10 TORNADO VELOCITY PRESSURE [Go to Page]
32.10.1 Tornado Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient
32.10.2 Tornado Velocity Pressure
32.11 TORNADO GUST EFFECTS [Go to Page]
32.11.1 Tornado Gust-Effect Factor
32.11.2 Limitations
32.12 TORNADO ENCLOSURE CLASSIFICATION [Go to Page]
32.12.1 General
32.12.2 Openings
32.12.3 Protection of Glazed Openings
32.13 TORNADO INTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS [Go to Page]
"32.13.1 Reduction Factor for Large-Volume Buildings, Ri "
32.14 TORNADO EXTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS
32.15 TORNADO LOADS ON BUILDINGS: MAIN WIND FORCE RESISTING SYSTEM [Go to Page]
"32.15.1 Enclosed, Partially Enclosed, and Partially Open Buildings "
"32.15.2 Open Buildings with Monoslope, Pitched, or Troughed Free Roofs "
32.15.3 Roof Overhangs
32.15.4 Parapets
32.15.5 Design Load Cases
32.16 TORNADO LOADS ON BUILDING APPURTENANCES AND OTHER STRUCTURES: MAIN WIND FORCE RESISTING SYSTEM [Go to Page]
32.16.1 General Requirements
32.16.2 Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid Signs
32.16.3 Other Structures
32.17 TORNADO LOADS: COMPONENTS AND CLADDING [Go to Page]
32.17.1 Low-Rise Buildings
32.17.2 Buildings with h > 60 ft (h > 18.3 m)
32.17.3 Open Buildings
32.17.4 Building Appurtenances and Rooftop Structures and Equipment
32.17.5 Nonbuilding Structures
32.18 TORNADO LOADS: WIND TUNNEL PROCEDURE
32.19 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
APPENDIX A: RESERVED FOR FUTURE PROVISIONS
APPENDIX B: RESERVED FOR FUTURE PROVISIONS
Appendix C: Serviceability Considerations [Go to Page]
C.1 Serviceability Considerations
"C.2 Deflection, Drift, and Vibration " [Go to Page]
C.2.1 Vertical Deflections
C.2.2 Drift of Walls and Frames
C.2.3 Vibrations
C.3 Design for Long-Term Deflection
C.4 Camber
C.5 Expansion and Contraction
C.6 Durability
Appendix D: Buildings Exempted from Torsional Wind Load Cases [Go to Page]
D.1 Scope
D.2 One- and Two-Story Buildings Meeting the Following Requirements
D.3 Buildings Controlled by Seismic Loading [Go to Page]
D.3.1 Buildings with Diaphragms at Each Level That Are Not Flexible
D.3.2 Buildings with Diaphragms at Each Level That Are Flexible
D.4 Buildings Classified as Torsionally Regular Under Wind Load
D.5 Buildings with Diaphragms that are Flexible and Designed for Increased Wind Loading
Appendix E: Performance-Based Design Procedures for Fire Effects on Structures [Go to Page]
E.1 Scope
E.2 Definitions
E.3 General Requirements
E.4 Performance Objectives [Go to Page]
E.4.1 Structural Integrity
E.4.2 Project-Specific Performance Objectives
E.5 Thermal Analysis of Fire Effects [Go to Page]
E.5.1 Fuel Load
E.5.2 Structural Design Fires
E.5.3 Heat Transfer Analysis
E.6 Structural Analysis of Fire Effects [Go to Page]
E.6.1 Temperature History for Structural Members and Connections
E.6.2 Temperature-Dependent Properties
E.6.3 Load Combinations
Appendix F: Wind Hazard Maps for Long Return Periods [Go to Page]
F.1 Scope
F.2 Wind Speeds
Appendix G: Tornado Hazard Maps for Long Return Periods [Go to Page]
G.1 Scope
G.2 Tornado Speeds
Commentary to Standard ASCE/SEI 7-22 [Go to Page]
Chapter C1: General [Go to Page]
C1.1 Scope
C1.3 Basic Requirements
C1.4 General Structural Integrity
C1.5 Classification of Buildings and Other Structures
C1.6 In Situ Load Tests
References
Other References (not cited)
Chapter C2: Combinations of Loads [Go to Page]
C2.1 General
C2.2 Symbols
C2.3 Load Combinations for Strength Design
C2.4 Load Combinations for Allowable Stress Design
C2.5 Load Combinations for Extraordinary Events
References
Other References (not cited)
"Chapter C3: Dead Loads, Soil Loads, and Hydrostatic Pressure " [Go to Page]
C3.1 Dead Loads
C3.2 Soil Loads and Hydrostatic Pressure
C3.3 Alternative Method for Loads from Water in Soil
References
Chapter C4: Live Loads [Go to Page]
C4.3 Uniformly Distributed Live Loads
C4.4 Concentrated Live Loads
"C4.5 Loads on Handrail, Guard, Grab Bar, and Vehicle Barrier Systems, and on Shower Seats and Fixed Ladders "
C4.6 Impact Loads
C4.7 Reduction in Uniform Live Loads
C4.8 Reduction in Roof Live Loads
C4.9 Crane Loads
C4.10 Garages and Vehicular Floor Loads
C4.11 Helipad Loads
C4.13 Library Stack Rooms
C4.14 Seating for Assembly Uses
C4.17 Solar Panel Loads
References
Chapter C5: Flood Loads [Go to Page]
C5.1 General
C5.2 Definitions
C5.3 design requirements
C5.4 Loads During Flooding
Chapter C6: Tsunami Loads and Effects [Go to Page]
C6.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
C6.2 Definitions
C6.3 Symbols and Notation
C6.4 TSUNAMI RISK CATEGORIES
C6.5 ANALYSIS OF DESIGN INUNDATION DEPTH AND FLOW VELOCITY
C6.6 INUNDATION DEPTHS AND FLOW VELOCITIES BASED ON RUNUP
C6.7 INUNDATION DEPTHS AND FLOW VELOCITIES BASED ON SITESPECIFIC PROBABILISTIC TSUNAMI HAZARD ANALYSIS
C6.8 STRUCTURAL DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR TSUNAMI EFFECTS
C6.9 HYDROSTATIC LOADS
C6.10 HYDRODYNAMIC LOADS
C6.11 DEBRIS IMPACT LOADS
C6.12 FOUNDATION DESIGN
C6.13 STRUCTURAL COUNTERMEASURES FOR TSUNAMI LOADING
C6.14 TSUNAMI VERTICAL EVACUATION REFUGE STRUCTURES
C6.15 DESIGNATED NONSTRUCTURAL COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS
C6.16 NONBUILDING TSUNAMI RISK CATEGORY III AND IV STRUCTURES
REFERENCES
Chapter C7: Snow Loads [Go to Page]
C7.1 Definitions and Symbols
"C7.2 Ground Snow Loads, pg "
"C7.3 Flat Roof Snow Loads, pf "
"C7.4 Sloped Roof Snow Loads, ps "
C7.5 Partial Loading
C7.6 Unbalanced Roof Snow Loads
C7.7 Drifts on Lower Roofs (Aerodynamic Shade)
C7.8 Roof Projections and Parapets
C7.9 Sliding Snow
C7.10 Rain-on-Snow Surcharge Load
C7.11 Ponding Instability
C7.12 Existing Roofs
C7.13 Snow on Open-Frame Equipment Structures
C7.14 ALTERNATE PROCEDURE
REFERENCES
Chapter C8: Rain Loads [Go to Page]
C8.1 Definitions and Symbols
C8.2 DESIGN RAIN LOADS
C8.3 Bays with Low Slope
C8.4 Drainage to Existing Roofs
REFERENCES
Chapter C9: RESERVED FOR FUTURE COMMENTARY
Chapter C10: Ice Loads - Atmospheric Icing [Go to Page]
C10.1 General
C10.2 Definitions
C10.4 Ice Loads Caused By Freezing Rain
C10.5 Wind on Ice-Covered Structures
C10.6 Design Temperatures for Freezing Rain
C10.7 Partial Loading
REFERENCES
Chapter C11: Seismic Design Criteria [Go to Page]
C11.1 General
C11.2 Definitions
C11.3 Symbols
C11.4 Seismic Ground Motion Values
C11.5 Importance Factor and Risk Category
C11.6 Seismic Design Category
C11.7 Design Requirements for Seismic Design Category A
C11.8 Geologic Hazards and Geotechnical Investigation
C11.9 Vertical Ground Motions for Seismic Design
REFERENCES
OTHER REFERENCES (NOT CITED)
Chapter C12: Seismic Design Requirements for Building Structures [Go to Page]
C12.1 Structural Design Basis
C12.2 Structural System Selection
"C12.3 Diaphragm Flexibility, Configuration Irregularities, and Redundancy "
C12.4 Seismic Load Effects and Combinations
C12.5 Direction of Loading
C12.6 Analysis Procedure Selection
C12.7 Modeling Criteria
C12.8 Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure
C12.9 Linear Dynamic Analysis
"C12.10 Diaphragms, Chords, and Collectors "
C12.11 Structural Walls and Their Anchorage
C12.12 Drift and Deformation
C12.13 Foundation Design
C12.14 Simplified Alternative Structural Design Criteria for Simple Bearing
Chapter C13: Seismic Design Requirements for Nonstructural Components [Go to Page]
C13.1 General
C13.2 General Design Requirements
C13.3 Seismic Demands on Nonstructural Components
C13.4 Nonstructural Component Anchorage
C13.5 Architectural Components
C13.6 Mechanical and Electrical Components
Chapter C14: Material-specific seismic design and detailing requirements [Go to Page]
C14.0 Scope
C14.1 Steel
C14.2 Concrete
C14.3 Composite Steel and Concrete Structures
C14.4 Masonry
C14.5 Wood
Chapter C15: Seismic Design Requirements for Nonbuilding Structures [Go to Page]
C15.1 General
C15.2 Nonbuilding Structures Connected by Nonstructural Components to Other Adjacent Structures
C15.3 Nonbuilding Structures Supported by Other Structures
C15.4 Structural Design Requirements
C15.5 Nonbuilding Structures Similar to Buildings
C15.6 General Requirements for Nonbuilding Structures not Similar to Buildings
C15.7 Tanks and Vessels
C15.8 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter C16: Nonlinear Response History Analysis [Go to Page]
C16.1 General Requirements
C16.2 Ground Motions
C16.3 Modeling and Analysis
Chapter C17: Seismic Design Requirements for Seismically Isolated Structures [Go to Page]
C17.1 General
C17.2 General Design Requirements
C17.3 Seismic Hazard
C17.4 Analysis Procedure Selection
C17.5 Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure
C17.6 Dynamic Analysis Procedures
C17.7 Design Review
C17.8 Testing
Chapter C18: Seismic Design Requirements for Structures with Damping Systems [Go to Page]
C18.1 General
C18.2 General Design Requirements
C18.3 Nonlinear Response History Procedure
C18.4 Seismic Load Conditions and Acceptance Criteria for Nonlinear Response History Procedure
C18.5 Design Review
C18.6 Testing
C18.7 Alternate Procedures and Corresponding Acceptance Criteria
Chapter C19: Soil-Structure Interaction for Seismic Design [Go to Page]
C19.1 General
C19.2 SSI Adjusted Structural Demands
C19.3 Foundation Damping Effects
C19.4 Base Slab Averaging and Embedment (Kinematic) SSI Effects
Chapter C20: Site Classification Procedure for Seismic Design [Go to Page]
C20.1 Site Classification
C20.2 Site Class Definitions
C20.3 Estimation of Shear Wave Velocity Profiles
C20.4 Definitions of Site Class Parameters
Chapter C21: Site-Specific Ground Motion Procedures for Seismic Design [Go to Page]
C21.1 Site Response Analysis
C21.2 Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER) Ground Motion Hazard Analysis
C21.3 Design Response Spectrum
C21.4 Design Acceleration Parameters
C21.5 Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric Mean (MCEG) Peak Ground Acceleration
Chapter C22: Seismic Ground Motion Long-Period Transition Maps
Chapter C23: Seismic Design Reference Documents
Chapter C24: RESERVED FOR FUTURE COMMENTARY
Chapter C25: RESERVED FOR FUTURE COMMENTARY
Chapter C26: Wind Loads: General Requirements [Go to Page]
C26.1 Procedures
C26.2 Definitions
C26.3 Symbols
C26.4 General
C26.5 Wind Hazard Map
C26.6 Wind Directionality Factor
C26.7 Exposure
C26.8 Topographic Effects
C26.9 Ground Elevation Factor
C26.10 Velocity Pressure
C26.11 Gust Effects
C26.12 Enclosure Classification
C26.13 Internal Pressure Coefficients
Chapter C27: Wind Loads on Buildings: Main Wind Force Resisting System (Directional Procedure) [Go to Page]
C27.1 Scope
C27.2 General Requirements
C27.3 Wind Loads: Main Wind Force Resisting System
Chapter C28: Wind Loads on Buildings: Main Wind Force Resisting System (Envelope Procedure) [Go to Page]
C28.2 General Requirements
C28.3 Wind Loads: Main Wind Force Resisting System
Chapter C29: Wind Loads on Building Appurtenances and Other Structures: Main Wind Force Resisting System (Directional Procedure) [Go to Page]
C29.3 Design Wind Loads: Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid Signs
C29.4 Design Wind Loads: Other Structures
C29.5 Parapets
C29.7 Minimum Design Wind Loading
Chapter C30: Wind Loads: Components and Cladding [Go to Page]
C30.1 Scope
"C30.10 Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks with h ≤ 120 ft (36.5m) "
C30.12 Roof Pavers for Buildings of All Heights with Roof Slopes Less Than Or Equal to 7 Degrees
C30.3 Building Types
C30.5 Building Types
C30.9 Attached Canopies on Buildings
Chapter C31: Wind Tunnel Procedure [Go to Page]
"C31.4 Site Specific Load Effects for Buildings, Other Structures, and Components "
"C31.5 Load Effects for Buildings, Other Structures, and Components Used at Multiple Sites "
Chapter C32: Tornado Loads [Go to Page]
C32.1 Procedures
C32.3 Symbols and Notation
C32.5 Tornado Hazard Maps
C32.6 Tornado Directionality Factor
C32.7 Tornado Exposure
C32.8 Topographic Factor
C32.9 Ground Elevation Factor
C32.10 Tornado Velocity Pressure
C32.11 Tornado Gust Effects
C32.12 Tornado Enclosure Classification
C32.13 Tornado Internal Pressure Coefficients
C32.14 Tornado External Pressure Coefficients
C32.15 Tornado Loads on Buildings: Main Wind Force Resisting System
C32.16 Tornado Loads On Building Appurtenances and Other Structures: Main Wind Force Resisting System
C32.17 Tornado Loads: Components and Cladding
C32.18 Tornado Loads: Wind Tunnel Procedure
APPENDIX CA: RESERVED FOR FUTURE COMMENTARY
APPENDIX CB: RESERVED FOR FUTURE COMMENTARY
Appendix CC: Serviceability Considerations [Go to Page]
CC.1 Serviceability Considerations
"CC.2 Deflection, Vibration, and Drift "
CC.3 Design for Long-Term Deflection
CC.4 Camber
CC.5 Expansion and Contraction
CC.6 Durability
Appendix CD: Buildings Exempted from Torsional Wind Load Cases
Appendix CE: Performance-Based Design Procedures for Fire Effects on Structures [Go to Page]
CE.1 Scope
CE.2 Definitions
CE.3 General Requirements
CE.4 Performance Objectives
CE.5 Thermal Analysis of Fire Effects
CE.6 Structural Analysis of Fire Effects
Appendix CF: Wind Hazard Maps for Long Return Periods [Go to Page]
CF.1 Scope
CF.2 Wind Speeds
Appendix CG: Tornado Hazard Maps for Long Return Periods [Go to Page]
CG.1 Scope
CG.2 Tornado Speeds
INDEX [Go to Page]

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