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ASCE Infrastructure Resilience Publication 7: Resilient and Sustainable Buildings, 2023
- Cover
- Half Title
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Executive Summary
- Layout of This Book
- Chapter 1: A Risk-Informed Decision Framework to Achieve Resilient and Sustainable Buildings That Meet Community Objectives
[Go to Page]
- 1.1 Introduction
[Go to Page]
- 1.1.1 The Building Regulatory Process in the United States
- 1.1.2 Building Performance Objectives
- 1.1.3 Community Performance Objectives and Metrics
- 1.1.4 Community Resilience versus Individual Building Performance—De-aggregation of Community Goals
- 1.2 Methodology/Framework/Approach Used in the Project [Go to Page]
- 1.2.1 Project Objectives
- 1.2.2 The Importance of Interdependencies in Resilience Assessment
- 1.2.3 Balance between Sustainability and Resilience
- 1.2.4 Life-Cycle Analysis for Sustainability and Resilience
- 1.2.5 Role of Fragility Functions in Performance Assessment
- 1.2.6 Role of Scenario-Based Hazard Analysis
- 1.2.7 De-aggregation of Community Goals to the Building Performance Level
- 1.2.8 Building Back Better to Enhance Community Resilience
- 1.3 Detailed Methods, Approaches—Hazards, Building Systems [Go to Page]
- 1.3.1 Development of Fragility Functions
- 1.3.2 Life-Cycle Analysis for Residential Buildings
[Go to Page]
- 1.3.2.1 Total Life-Cycle Cost
- 1.3.2.2 Regular Repair/Maintenance Cost
- 1.3.2.3 Expected Damage Repair Cost
- 1.3.2.4 Assessment of Life-Cycle Carbon Footprint
- 1.3.3 Community Resilience Assessment Framework
- 1.3.4 De-aggregation of Community Goals to the Building Performance Level
- 1.4 Application/Example/Case Study
[Go to Page]
- 1.4.1 Life-Cycle Analysis at Individual Building and Community Levels [Go to Page]
- 1.4.1.1 Illustration of Life-Cycle Analysis of a Single-Family Residential Building
- 1.4.1.2 Illustration of Life-Cycle Analysis for an Ensemble of Residential Buildings
- 1.4.2 Interdependencies and Resilience at a Community Level
- 1.4.3 De-aggregation of Community Goals to the Building Performance Level
- 1.5 Project Conclusions, Lessons Learned
- References
- Chapter 2: Building Design and Decision-Making for Multihazard Resilience and Sustainability
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- 2.1 Introduction and Scope
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- 2.1.1 General
- 2.1.2 Research Significance
- 2.1.3 Background and Literature Review
- 2.2 Design Framework
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- 2.2.1 Natural Hazard Characterization
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- 2.2.1.1 Seismic Hazard
- 2.2.1.2 Joint Wind and Flood Hazards
- 2.2.1.3 Nonstationarities of Wind and Flood hazards
- 2.2.2 Modeling of Fragility and Damage to Building Components
[Go to Page]
- 2.2.2.1 Seismic Damage
- 2.2.2.2 Wind Damage
- 2.2.2.3 Flood Damage
- 2.2.3 Building Resilience and Sustainability Assessment
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- 2.2.3.1 Building Resilience
- 2.2.3.2 Building Sustainability
- 2.2.4 Multiobjective Optimization and Decision-Making
- 2.3 Methodology
[Go to Page]
- 2.3.1 Natural Hazard Characterization
[Go to Page]
- 2.3.1.1 Seismic Hazard and Ground Motions
- 2.3.1.2 Ground Motion Demand for Seismic Performance Evaluation
- 2.3.1.3 Joint Probability of Wind and Flood Hazards
- 2.3.1.4 Nonstationary Coastal Wind and Flood Hazard Analyses
- 2.3.2 Modeling of Building Damage and Identifying Fragility and Probability of Failure [Go to Page]
- 2.3.2.1 Seismic Damage
- 2.3.2.2 Wind Damage
- 2.3.2.3 Flood Damage
- 2.3.2.4 Probability of Failure
- 2.3.3 Building Resilience and Sustainability
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- 2.3.3.1 Building Resilience
- 2.3.3.2 Building Sustainability
- 2.3.4 Multiobjective Optimization and Decision-Making
[Go to Page]
- 2.3.4.1 Multiobjective Optimization
- 2.3.4.2 Decision-Making: Final Design Selection
- 2.3.5 Decision-Makers’ Preference Weights for Building Sustainability and Resilience Criteria [Go to Page]
- 2.3.5.1 Final Design Selection
- 2.4 Applications and Examples
[Go to Page]
- 2.4.1 Resilience-Based Multihazard Performance Evaluation of Buildings Designed to Current Codes [Go to Page]
- 2.4.1.1 Envelope and Roof Covering Systems
- 2.4.1.2 Seismic Fragility
- 2.4.1.3 Wind Fragility for Roof Cover Damage
- 2.4.1.4 Seismic Probability of Failure
- 2.4.1.5 Wind Probability of Failure
- 2.4.2 Joint Probability of Wind and Flood Hazards for Boston
[Go to Page]
- 2.4.2.1 �Empirical and Fitted Distributions of Wind and Flood Hazard Intensity Measures
- 2.4.2.2 Copula
- 2.4.2.3 Joint Hazard Curves and Envelopes
- 2.4.3 Nonstationary Coastal Wind and Flood Hazard Analyses for Boston and Miami [Go to Page]
- 2.4.3.1 �Comparison between Stationary and Nonstationary Probability Distributions
- 2.4.3.2 Coastal Wind and Flood Hazard Curves
- 2.4.4 Building Life Span Flood Damage Evaluation for Boston and Miami
- 2.4.5 Future Building Energy Simulations for San Francisco, Boston, and Miami
- 2.4.6 Effect of Envelope Window-to-Wall Ratio on Measured Energy Consumption
- 2.4.7 Optimal Building Designs and Implications for Building Codes [Go to Page]
- 2.4.7.1 3D Moment Frame Structure
- 2.4.7.2 3D Moment Frame Structure with Structural Walls
- 2.5 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 3: A Sequential Decision Framework to Support Tradespace Exploration of Multihazard Resilient and Sustainable Designs
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- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Methodology
[Go to Page]
- 3.2.1 Design as a Sequential Decision Process
- 3.2.2 Bounding Model
- 3.2.3 Interval Dominance
- 3.2.4 Sequencing of Multifidelity Models
- 3.3 Detailed Methodologies
[Go to Page]
- 3.3.1 Multiobjective Design Optimization of Structural Frame Systems: Deterministic Decision Criteria [Go to Page]
- 3.3.1.1 Bounding Models for the Capacity Spectrum Method
- 3.3.1.2 Interval Dominance in the Capacity Spectrum Method
- 3.3.2 Multiobjective Design Optimization of Structural–Foundation–Soil Systems: Deterministic Decision Criteria [Go to Page]
- 3.3.2.1 �Leveraging Monotonicity and Concavity to Construct Bounding Models
- 3.3.2.2 �Dimensionality Reduction through Systematic Deferring of Subsets or Design Variables
- 3.3.3 Multiobjective Design Optimization of a Structural Frame System: Probabilistic Decision Criteria [Go to Page]
- 3.3.3.1 �Performance Comparison Based on the Precise Values of Decision Criteria
- 3.3.3.2 Development of Bounding Models
- 3.3.3.3 Sequential Decision Process with Probabilistic Decision Criteria
- 3.3.3.4 Illustrative Example
- 3.3.4 Integration of Environmental Impacts and Seismic Damage
[Go to Page]
- 3.3.4.1 �Integrating the Seismic Hazard and Environmental Performance Assessment of Building Designs
- 3.3.4.2 Illustrative Example
- 3.3.5 Optimal Sequencing of Multifidelity Model Evaluation of Design Space [Go to Page]
- 3.3.5.1 Problem Formulation as a Finite Markov Decision Process
- 3.3.5.2 �Solving the Design Sequential Decision Process by Reinforcement Learning
- 3.4 Applications
[Go to Page]
- 3.4.1 Multiobjective Design Optimization of Structural Frame Systems: Deterministic Decision Criteria [Go to Page]
- 3.4.1.1 Problem Statement: Design Objectives, Variables, and Constraints
- 3.4.1.2 �Description of Model, Analysis Method, and Multifidelity Parameters
- 3.4.1.3 Results
- 3.4.2 Multiobjective Design Optimization of Structural–Foundation–Soil Systems: Deterministic Decision Criteria [Go to Page]
- 3.4.2.1 Problem Statement: Design Objectives, Variables, and Constraints
- 3.4.2.2 �Description of Model, Analysis Method, and Multifidelity Parameters
- 3.4.2.3 Results
- 3.4.3 Multiobjective Design Optimization of a Structural Frame System: Probabilistic Decision Criteria [Go to Page]
- 3.4.3.1 Problem Statement: Design Objectives, Variables, and Constraints
- 3.4.3.2 �Overview of the Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering Assessment Framework
- 3.4.3.3 Convergence of Monte Carlo Simulation
- 3.4.3.4 Results
- 3.4.4 Optimal Sequencing of Multifidelity Model Evaluation of Design Space [Go to Page]
- 3.4.4.1 Problem Statement: Design Objectives, Variables, and Constraints
- 3.4.4.2 Results
- 3.4.4.3 �Comparison with the Optimal Sequence in the Sequential Decision Process Methodology
- 3.5 Project Conclusions and Findings
- References
- Chapter 4: A Reliability-Based Decision Support System for Resilient and Sustainable Early Design
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- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Methodology
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- 4.2.1 Prerequisite: Problem Definition
- 4.2.2 Framework Objectives and Value
- 4.2.3 Framework Overview
- 4.3 Description of Modules and Developed Tools
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- 4.3.1 Decision Framing with SIMPLE-Design
- 4.3.2 Open Performance Data Inventories
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- 4.3.2.1 �INventory of Seismic Structural Evaluation, Performance Functions, and Taxonomies
- 4.3.2.2 Multihazard Vulnerability Database
- 4.3.2.3 �Archetype Soil, Foundation, Lateral-Resisting Structural, and Envelope Systems
- 4.3.2.4 Environmental Impact Data
- 4.3.3 Soil, Foundation, Lateral-Resisting Structural, and Envelope System Generator Module
- 4.3.4 Module 2: Probabilistic Life-Cycle Performance Assessment
[Go to Page]
- 4.3.4.1 Performance-Based Early Design
- 4.3.4.2 Available Routes for Performance-Based Early Design
- 4.3.5 Module 3: Preference-Based Multiobjective Ranking and Optimization
- 4.4 Illustrative Example
[Go to Page]
- 4.4.1 Building and Site
- 4.4.2 Decision-Makers, Framing, and Metrics
- 4.4.3 Application of the M1 Module to Generate Soil, Foundation, Lateral-Resisting Structural, and Envelope Systems [Go to Page]
- 4.4.3.1 Definition of Initial Design Space
- 4.4.3.2 �Preliminary Ranking and Selection of Feasible Soil, Foundation, Lateral-Resisting Structural, and Envelope Configurations
- 4.4.4 Using the M2 Module for Life-cycle Performance Assessment [Go to Page]
- 4.4.4.1 Seismic Hazard Characterization
- 4.4.4.2 Structural Modeling and Performance Parameters
- 4.4.4.3 Seismic Performance Analysis and Decision Metrics
- 4.4.4.4 Economic and Environmental Decision Metrics
- 4.4.5 Using the M3 Module to Introduce Stakeholder Preferences
[Go to Page]
- 4.4.5.1 Limit-State Functions—Definitions
- 4.4.6 Decision Support Results and Discussion
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- 4.4.6.1 Sensitivity Assessment of Selected Configurations
- 4.5 Summary and Future Work
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- 4.5.1 Summary
- 4.5.2 Future Work
- References
- Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations
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- 5.1 Major Conclusions
- 5.2 Major Remaining Research Gaps in RSB
- References
- Appendix A: On Correlation of Different Decision Variables
- Appendix B: Sample Ranking of Generated SFLEs
- Index [Go to Page]