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506.5R-09: Guide for Specifying Underground Shotcrete, 2009
- MAIN MENU
- MAIN MENU
- CONTENTS
- CONTENTS
- CHAPTER 1— INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE
- CHAPTER 1— INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE [Go to Page]
- 1.1— Introduction
- 1.1— Introduction
- 1.2—Scope
- 1.2—Scope
- CHAPTER 2— NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS
- CHAPTER 2— NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS [Go to Page]
- 2.1— Notation
- 2.1— Notation
- 2.2—Definitions
- 2.2—Definitions
- CHAPTER 3— SUBMITTALS
- CHAPTER 3— SUBMITTALS [Go to Page]
- 3.1—Contracts
- 3.1—Contracts
- 3.2—Recommended specifications
- 3.2—Recommended specifications
- CHAPTER 4— MATERIALS
- CHAPTER 4— MATERIALS [Go to Page]
- 4.1— Accelerators
- 4.1— Accelerators
- 4.2—Recommended specifications
- 4.2—Recommended specifications
- CHAPTER 5— ANCHORAGE AND REINFORCEMENT
- CHAPTER 5— ANCHORAGE AND REINFORCEMENT [Go to Page]
- 5.1— Composite support systems
- 5.1— Composite support systems
- 5.2—Shotcrete with pattern rock bolts or anchors
- 5.2—Shotcrete with pattern rock bolts or anchors [Go to Page]
- 5.2.1 Thickness of shotcrete layer
- 5.2.1 Thickness of shotcrete layer
- 5.2.2 Timing of rock bolt and shotcrete application
- 5.2.2 Timing of rock bolt and shotcrete application
- 5.3—Shotcrete with rock bolts, friction stabilizers, and welded wire reinforcement
- 5.3—Shotcrete with rock bolts, friction stabilizers, and welded wire reinforcement [Go to Page]
- 5.3.1 Type of welded wire reinforcement
- 5.3.1 Type of welded wire reinforcement
- 5.3.2 Placing and securing welded wire reinforcement
- 5.3.2 Placing and securing welded wire reinforcement
- 5.3.3 Welded wire reinforcement placement
- 5.3.3 Welded wire reinforcement placement
- 5.4—Fiber-reinforced shotcrete
- 5.4—Fiber-reinforced shotcrete
- 5.5—Shotcrete with lattice girders
- 5.5—Shotcrete with lattice girders [Go to Page]
- 5.5.1 Size and spacing
- 5.5.1 Size and spacing
- 5.5.2 Installation and shotcrete application
- 5.5.2 Installation and shotcrete application
- 5.5.3 Shotcrete placement
- 5.5.3 Shotcrete placement
- 5.6—Shotcrete with conventional steel sets
- 5.6—Shotcrete with conventional steel sets
- 5.7—Recommended specifications
- 5.7—Recommended specifications
- CHAPTER 6— MATERIALS HANDLING AND STORAGE
- CHAPTER 6— MATERIALS HANDLING AND STORAGE [Go to Page]
- 6.1— General
- 6.1— General
- 6.2—Temperature considerations
- 6.2—Temperature considerations
- 6.3—Recommended specifications
- 6.3—Recommended specifications
- CHAPTER 7— SHOTCRETE MIXTURE PROPORTIONING
- CHAPTER 7— SHOTCRETE MIXTURE PROPORTIONING [Go to Page]
- 7.1—General
- 7.1—General
- 7.2—Mixture proportions by trial batching or historical data submissions
- 7.2—Mixture proportions by trial batching or historical data submissions
- 7.3—In-place mixture proportions
- 7.3—In-place mixture proportions
- 7.4—Dry-mix shotcrete
- 7.4—Dry-mix shotcrete
- 7.5—Wet-mix shotcrete
- 7.5—Wet-mix shotcrete
- 7.6—Recommended specifications
- 7.6—Recommended specifications
- CHAPTER 8— PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
- CHAPTER 8— PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS [Go to Page]
- 8.1— General
- 8.1— General
- 8.2—Water-cementitious material ratio
- 8.2—Water-cementitious material ratio
- 8.3—Air content
- 8.3—Air content
- 8.4—Slump
- 8.4—Slump
- 8.5—Boiled absorption and permeable voids
- 8.5—Boiled absorption and permeable voids
- 8.6—Compressive strength
- 8.6—Compressive strength
- 8.7—Flexural strength and toughness
- 8.7—Flexural strength and toughness
- 8.8—Early-age strength
- 8.8—Early-age strength
- 8.9—Other tests
- 8.9—Other tests
- 8.10—Bond strength
- 8.10—Bond strength
- 8.11—Explosive spalling protection
- 8.11—Explosive spalling protection
- 8.12—Recommended specifications
- 8.12—Recommended specifications
- CHAPTER 9— QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL
- CHAPTER 9— QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL [Go to Page]
- 9.1—General
- 9.1—General
- 9.2—Recommended specifications
- 9.2—Recommended specifications
- CHAPTER 10— PRECONSTRUCTION TRIALS AND TESTING
- CHAPTER 10— PRECONSTRUCTION TRIALS AND TESTING [Go to Page]
- 10.1—General
- 10.1—General
- 10.2—Recommended specifications
- 10.2—Recommended specifications
- CHAPTER 11— CONSTRUCTION ACCEPTANCE INSPECTION
- CHAPTER 11— CONSTRUCTION ACCEPTANCE INSPECTION [Go to Page]
- 11.1—General
- 11.1—General
- 11.2—Acceptance inspection
- 11.2—Acceptance inspection [Go to Page]
- 11.2.1 Duties of inspection team
- 11.2.1 Duties of inspection team
- 11.2.2 Qualifications of inspectors
- 11.2.2 Qualifications of inspectors
- 11.2.3 Experience, education, and certification of inspectors
- 11.2.3 Experience, education, and certification of inspectors
- 11.3—Specific inspection and testing quality control requirements for underground shotcrete
- 11.3—Specific inspection and testing quality control requirements for underground shotcrete [Go to Page]
- 11.3.1 Study of project drawings and specifications
- 11.3.1 Study of project drawings and specifications
- 11.3.2 Shotcrete proportioning
- 11.3.2 Shotcrete proportioning
- 11.3.3 Selection, acceptance inspection, and testing of ground support materials
- 11.3.3 Selection, acceptance inspection, and testing of ground support materials
- 11.3.4 Tunnel inspections before shotcreting
- 11.3.4 Tunnel inspections before shotcreting [Go to Page]
- 11.3.4.1 Inspection of openings
- 11.3.4.1 Inspection of openings
- 11.3.4.2 Preparation of surfaces
- 11.3.4.2 Preparation of surfaces
- 11.3.4.3 Reinforcement in place
- 11.3.4.3 Reinforcement in place
- 11.3.5 Tunnel inspections during shotcreting
- 11.3.5 Tunnel inspections during shotcreting [Go to Page]
- 11.3.5.1 Shotcrete placement
- 11.3.5.1 Shotcrete placement
- 11.3.5.2 After shotcrete placement
- 11.3.5.2 After shotcrete placement
- 11.3.6 Inspection records and reports
- 11.3.6 Inspection records and reports
- 11.4—Cold placement conditions
- 11.4—Cold placement conditions
- 11.5—Hot placement conditions
- 11.5—Hot placement conditions
- 11.6—Shotcrete acceptance and rejection
- 11.6—Shotcrete acceptance and rejection
- 11.7—Recommended specifications
- 11.7—Recommended specifications
- CHAPTER 12— BATCHING, MIXING, AND SUPPLY
- CHAPTER 12— BATCHING, MIXING, AND SUPPLY [Go to Page]
- 12.1—Handling of bulk bin-bags
- 12.1—Handling of bulk bin-bags
- 12.2—Quality control considerations
- 12.2—Quality control considerations
- 12.3—Recommended specifications
- 12.3—Recommended specifications
- CHAPTER 13— PLACING EQUIPMENT
- CHAPTER 13— PLACING EQUIPMENT [Go to Page]
- 13.1— Pumps
- 13.1— Pumps
- 13.2—Guns
- 13.2—Guns
- 13.3—Nozzle systems
- 13.3—Nozzle systems
- 13.4—Remote-controlled spraying
- 13.4—Remote-controlled spraying
- 13.5—Recommended specifications
- 13.5—Recommended specifications
- CHAPTER 14— AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT
- CHAPTER 14— AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT [Go to Page]
- 14.1—Air supply
- 14.1—Air supply
- 14.2—Recommended specifications
- 14.2—Recommended specifications
- CHAPTER 15— SAFETY
- CHAPTER 15— SAFETY [Go to Page]
- 15.1— General
- 15.1— General
- 15.2—Underground safety
- 15.2—Underground safety
- 15.3—Required personal safety equipment
- 15.3—Required personal safety equipment
- 15.4—View of shotcrete work
- 15.4—View of shotcrete work
- 15.5—Communications
- 15.5—Communications
- 15.6—Nonpersonal safety equipment
- 15.6—Nonpersonal safety equipment
- 15.7—Recommended specifications
- 15.7—Recommended specifications
- CHAPTER 16— PREPARATION FOR SHOTCRETING AND GROUNDWATER CONTROL
- CHAPTER 16— PREPARATION FOR SHOTCRETING AND GROUNDWATER CONTROL [Go to Page]
- 16.1— General
- 16.1— General
- 16.2—Factors affecting shotcrete adhesion and bonding
- 16.2—Factors affecting shotcrete adhesion and bonding
- 16.3—Surface preparation
- 16.3—Surface preparation
- 16.4—Groundwater
- 16.4—Groundwater
- 16.5—Recommended specifications
- 16.5—Recommended specifications
- CHAPTER 17— GROUND REINFORCEMENT INSTALLATION
- CHAPTER 17— GROUND REINFORCEMENT INSTALLATION [Go to Page]
- 17.1— General
- 17.1— General
- 17.2—Rock bolt installation
- 17.2—Rock bolt installation
- 17.3—Steel set installation
- 17.3—Steel set installation
- 17.4—Lattice girder installation
- 17.4—Lattice girder installation
- 17.5—Recommended specifications
- 17.5—Recommended specifications
- CHAPTER 18— SHOTCRETE APPLICATION
- CHAPTER 18— SHOTCRETE APPLICATION [Go to Page]
- 18.1— Methods used to control thickness
- 18.1— Methods used to control thickness
- 18.2—Cover, alignment, and tolerance
- 18.2—Cover, alignment, and tolerance
- 18.3—Recommended specifications
- 18.3—Recommended specifications
- CHAPTER 19— CURING AND PROTECTION
- CHAPTER 19— CURING AND PROTECTION [Go to Page]
- 19.1— General
- 19.1— General
- 19.2—Protection
- 19.2—Protection
- 19.3—Recommended specifications
- 19.3—Recommended specifications
- CHAPTER 20— SHOTCRETE FOR REPAIR AND REHABILITATION OF UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES
- CHAPTER 20— SHOTCRETE FOR REPAIR AND REHABILITATION OF UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES [Go to Page]
- 20.1—General
- 20.1—General
- 20.2—Materials selection
- 20.2—Materials selection
- 20.3—Shotcrete placement methods for repair
- 20.3—Shotcrete placement methods for repair [Go to Page]
- 20.3.1 Dry-mix shotcrete
- 20.3.1 Dry-mix shotcrete
- 20.3.2 Wet-mix shotcrete
- 20.3.2 Wet-mix shotcrete
- 20.4—Quality assurance requirements for rehabilitation of underground structures
- 20.4—Quality assurance requirements for rehabilitation of underground structures
- 20.5—Repair considerations
- 20.5—Repair considerations
- 20.6—Recommended specifications
- 20.6—Recommended specifications
- CHAPTER 21— MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
- CHAPTER 21— MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT [Go to Page]
- 21.1— Basis for payment
- 21.1— Basis for payment
- 21.2—Recommended specifications
- 21.2—Recommended specifications
- CHAPTER 22— REFERENCES
- CHAPTER 22— REFERENCES [Go to Page]
- 22.1— Referenced standards and reports
- 22.1— Referenced standards and reports
- 22.2—Cited references
- 22.2—Cited references [Go to Page]