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IEEE Standard for High-Voltage Testing Techniques (Published), 2013
- IEEE Std 4™-2013 Front Cover
- Title page
- Notice to users [Go to Page]
- Laws and regulations
- Copyrights
- Updating of IEEE documents
- Errata
- Patents
- Participants
- Introduction
- Contents
- 1. Overview [Go to Page]
- 1.1 Scope
- 1.2 Purpose
- 1.3 Application
- 2. Normative references
- 3. Definitions
- 4. Safety Awareness
- 5. General requirements for high-voltage tests and measurements [Go to Page]
- 5.1 Normal environmental conditions
- 5.2 Arrangement of the test object
- 5.3 Grounding requirements for high-voltage tests
- 5.4 Use of properly dimensioned interconnections and electrodes
- 5.5 Susceptibility to noise: instrumentation shielding
- 5.6 Classification of measuring systems
- 5.7 Procedures for qualification and use of measuring systems
- 6. Tests and measurements with alternating voltage [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Terms used to characterize alternating voltage tests and measurements
- 6.2 Source requirements
- 6.3 Measuring system requirements for approved measuring systems
- 6.4 Test procedures
- 6.5 Type tests, acceptance tests, performance tests, and performance checks for alternating voltage measuring systems
- 6.6 Additional information on alternating voltage test and measurement techniques
- 7. Tests and measurements with direct voltage [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Terms used to characterize direct voltage tests and measurements
- 7.2 Source requirements
- 7.3 Measuring system requirements for approved measuring systems
- 7.4 Test procedures
- 7.5 Type tests, acceptance tests, performance tests, and performance checks for direct voltage measuring systems
- 7.6 Additional information on direct voltage test and measurement techniques
- 8. Tests and measurements with impulse voltage [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Terms used to characterize impulse voltage tests and measurements
- 8.2 Source requirements
- 8.3 Measuring system requirements for approved measuring systems
- 8.4 Test procedures
- 8.5 Type tests, acceptance tests, performance tests, and performance checks for impulse voltage measuring systems
- 8.6 Additional information on impulse voltage test and measurement techniques
- 8.7 Reference voltage divider
- 9. Test and measurements with impulse current [Go to Page]
- 9.1 Terms used to characterize impulse currents
- 9.2 Source requirements
- 9.3 Measuring system requirements for approved measuring systems
- 9.4 Test Procedures
- 9.5 Type tests, acceptance tests, performance tests, and performance checks for impulse current measuring systems
- 9.6 Additional information on impulse current measurement techniques
- 10. Combined voltage and composite voltage tests [Go to Page]
- 10.1 Combined voltage tests
- 10.2 Composite voltage tests
- 11. Tests in different ambient conditions [Go to Page]
- 11.1 Dry tests
- 11.2 Wet tests
- 12. Artificial contamination tests [Go to Page]
- 12.1 Preparation of the test object
- 12.2 General test procedures
- 12.3 Power supply requirements for alternating voltage artificial contamination tests
- 12.4 Power supply requirements for direct-voltage artificial contamination tests
- 12.5 The solid layer test method
- 12.6 The salt fog test method
- 13. Atmospheric corrections [Go to Page]
- 13.1 Atmospheric conditions
- 13.2 Atmospheric correction factors
- 13.3 Measurement of atmospheric parameters
- 13.4 Conflicting requirements for testing internal and external insulation
- 14. Voltage measurement by means of sphere gaps and rod gaps [Go to Page]
- 14.1 Terms associated with sphere and rod gap voltage measurements
- 14.2 General information on spark-gaps
- 14.3 Use of the sphere gap to measure the peak value of alternating voltage at power frequency
- 14.4 Measurement of peak value of full lightning and switching impulse voltages using sphere gaps
- 14.5 Reference voltage values in Table 12 and Table 13 for sphere gaps
- 14.6 Standard rod-rod gap for measurement of direct voltage
- 14.7 Use of standard air gaps for performance checks of approved measuring systems
- 15. Statistical treatment of test results [Go to Page]
- 15.1 Classification of tests
- 15.2 Statistical behavior of disruptive discharge
- 15.3 Analysis of test results
- 15.4 Application of likelihood methods
- Annex A (normative) Procedure for calculating of parameters of lightning impulse voltages with superimposed oscillation on the peak [Go to Page]
- A.1 Basis of the procedures
- A.2 Procedure for calculation from digital waveforms
- A.3 Manual procedure for calculation from graphic waveforms
- Annex B (informative) Experimental step response measurements [Go to Page]
- B.1 Procedure for measuring the experimental step response
- B.2 Determination of the response parameters from experimental step response oscillograms
- Annex C (informative) Convolution methods [Go to Page]
- C.1 The convolution method
- C.2 Procedure for performing the convolution calculation
- C.3 Verify linearity of the measurement system
- C.4 Use of the parameter differences
- Annex D (informative) Evaluation of measurement uncertainties [Go to Page]
- D.1 General
- D.2 Terms used in evaluation of uncertainty
- D.3 Combined standard uncertainty
- D.4 Expanded uncertainty
- D.5 Coverage factor and effective degrees of freedom
- D.6 Steps for calculating the expanded uncertainty
- D.7 Examples of uncertainty limit evaluation
- Annex E (informative) Partial discharge and corona measurements [Go to Page]
- E.1 Terms used to characterize partial discharge and corona measurements
- E.2 Parameters affecting the magnitude and intensity of partial discharge and corona
- E.3 Effects of partial discharge and corona on high-voltage equipment
- E.4 Partial discharge and corona detection methods
- E.5 Test procedures
- Annex F (informative) Bibliography [Go to Page]
