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NFPA 1: Fire Code, 2021
- Important Notices and Disclaimers
- Additional Important Notices and Disclaimers
- Chapter 1 Administration [Go to Page]
- 1.1 Scope.
- 1.2 Purpose.
- 1.3 Application.
- 1.4 Equivalencies, Alternatives, and Modifications.
- 1.5 Units.
- 1.6 Enforcement.
- 1.7 Authority.
- 1.8 Duties and Powers of the Incident Commander.
- 1.9 Liability.
- 1.10 Pre-incident Planning.
- 1.11 Fire Code Board of Appeals.
- 1.12 Records and Reports.
- 1.13 Permits and Approvals.
- 1.14 Certificates of Fitness.
- 1.15 Plan Review.
- 1.16 Technical Assistance.
- 1.17 Notice of Violations and Penalties.
- 1.18 Permit Fees.
- Chapter 2 Referenced Publications [Go to Page]
- 2.1 General.
- 2.2 NFPA Publications.
- 2.3 Other Publications.
- 2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections.
- Chapter 3 Definitions [Go to Page]
- 3.1 General.
- 3.2 NFPA Official Definitions.
- 3.3 General Definitions.
- 3.4 Special Performance-Based Definitions.
- Chapter 4 General Requirements [Go to Page]
- 4.1 Goals and Objectives.
- 4.2 Assumptions.
- 4.3 Compliance Options.
- 4.4 Fundamental Requirements.
- 4.5 General Requirements.
- Chapter 5 Performance-Based Option [Go to Page]
- 5.1 General.
- 5.2 Performance Criteria.
- 5.3 Retained Prescriptive Requirements.
- 5.4 Design Scenarios.
- 5.5 Evaluation of Proposed Designs.
- 5.6 Safety Factors.
- 5.7 Documentation Requirements.
- Chapter 6 Classification of Occupancy [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Classification of Occupancy.
- Chapter 7 Reserved
- Chapter 8 Reserved
- Chapter 9 Reserved
- Chapter 10 General Safety Requirements [Go to Page]
- 10.1 Fundamental Requirements.
- 10.2 Owner/OccupantOperator/Tenant Responsibilities.
- 10.3 Occupancy.
- 10.4 Emergency Action Plans.
- 10.5 Building Evacuation.
- 10.6 Fire Drills.
- 10.7 Reporting of Fires and Other Emergencies.
- 10.8 Tampering with Fire Safety Equipment.
- 10.9 Smoking.
- 10.10 Open Flames, Candles, Open Fires, and Incinerators.
- 10.11 Fire Protection Markings.
- 10.12 Seasonal and Vacant Buildings and Premises.
- 10.13 Combustible Vegetation.
- 10.14 Special Outdoor Events, Carnivals, and Fairs.
- 10.15 Portable and Vehicle-Mounted Generators.
- 10.16 Outside Storage.
- 10.17 Parade Floats.
- 10.18 Powered Industrial Trucks.
- 10.19 Storage of Combustible Materials.
- 10.20 Indoor Play Structures.
- 10.21 Powered Micromobility Devices.
- 10.22 Alcohol-Based Hand-Rub (ABHR) Dispensers.
- Chapter 11 Building Services [Go to Page]
- 11.1 Electrical Fire Safety.
- 11.2 Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning.
- 11.3 Elevators, Escalators, and Conveyors.
- 11.4 Utilities.
- 11.5 Heating Appliances.
- 11.6 Waste Chutes, Incinerators, and Laundry Chutes.
- 11.7 Stationary Generators and Standby Power Systems.
- 11.8 Smoke Control.
- 11.9 Emergency Command Center.
- 11.10 In-Building Emergency Responder Communication Enhancement Systems.
- 11.11 Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems.
- 11.12 Photovoltaic Systems.
- Chapter 12 Features of Fire Protection [Go to Page]
- 12.1 General.
- 12.2 Construction.
- 12.3 Fire-Resistive Materials and Construction.
- 12.4 Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives.
- 12.5 Interior Finish.
- 12.6 Contents and Furnishings.
- 12.7 Fire Barriers.
- 12.8 Smoke Partitions.
- 12.9 Smoke Barriers.
- Chapter 13 Fire Protection Systems [Go to Page]
- 13.1 General.
- 13.2 Standpipe Systems.
- 13.3 Automatic SprinklersSprinkler Systems.
- 13.4 Fire Pumps.
- 13.5 Water Supply.
- 13.6 Portable Fire Extinguishers.
- 13.7 Detection, Alarm, and Communications Systems.
- 13.8 Other Fire Protection Systems.
- 13.9 Non-Listed Fire Protection or Suppression Devices and Equipment.
- Chapter 14 Means of Egress [Go to Page]
- 14.1 Application.
- 14.2 Exit Access Corridors.
- 14.3 Exits.
- 14.4 Means of Egress Reliability.
- 14.5 Door Openings.
- 14.6 Enclosure and Protection of Stairs.
- 14.7 Exit Passageways.
- 14.8 Capacity of Means of Egress.
- 14.9 Number of Means of Egress.
- 14.10 Arrangement of Means of Egress.
- 14.11 Discharge from Exits.
- 14.12 Illumination of Means of Egress.
- 14.13 Emergency Lighting.
- 14.14 Marking of Means of Egress.
- 14.15 Secondary Means of Escape.
- Chapter 15 Fire Department Service Delivery Concurrency Evaluation [Go to Page]
- 15.1 Application.
- 15.2 Level of Service Objectives.
- 15.3 Evaluator Qualifications.
- 15.4 Fire Department Service Delivery Concurrency Evaluation Documentation.
- 15.5 Independent Review.
- 15.6 Approval.
- Chapter 16 Safeguarding Construction, Alteration, and Demolition Operations [Go to Page]
- 16.1 General Requirements.
- 16.2 Alteration of Buildings.
- 16.3 Fire Safety During Demolition.
- 16.4 Torch-Applied Roofing Systems.
- 16.5 Tar Kettles and Rubberized Asphalt Melters.
- 16.6 Asbestos Removal.
- 16.7 Lead Removal.
- Chapter 17 Wildland Urban Interface [Go to Page]
- 17.1 General.
- 17.2 Plans.
- 17.3 Wildland Fire–Prone Areas.
- Chapter 18 Fire Department Access and Water Supply [Go to Page]
- 18.1 General.
- 18.2 Fire Department Access.
- 18.3 Water Supplies.
- 18.4 Fire Flow Requirements for Buildings.
- 18.5 Fire Hydrants.
- Chapter 19 Combustible Waste and Refuse [Go to Page]
- 19.1 General.
- 19.2 Combustible Waste and Refuse.
- Chapter 20 Occupancy Fire Safety [Go to Page]
- 20.1 Assembly Occupancies.
- 20.2 Educational Occupancies.
- 20.3 Day-Care Occupancies.
- 20.4 Health Care Occupancies.
- 20.5 Residential Board and Care Occupancies.
- 20.6 Ambulatory Health Care Centers.
- 20.7 Detention and Correctional Occupancies.
- 20.8 Hotels and Dormitories.
- 20.9 Apartment Buildings.
- 20.10 Lodging or Rooming Houses.
- 20.11 One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Housing.
- 20.12 Mercantile Occupancies.
- 20.13 Business Occupancies.
- 20.14 Industrial Occupancies.
- 20.15 Storage Occupancies.
- 20.16 Special Structures and High-Rise Buildings.
- 20.17 Historic Buildings and Cultural Resources.
- Chapter 21 Airports and Heliports [Go to Page]
- 21.1 Hangars.
- 21.2 Terminals.
- 21.3 Rooftop Heliport Construction and Protection.
- Chapter 22 Automobile Wrecking Yards [Go to Page]
- 22.1 General.
- 22.2 Permits.
- 22.3 Fire Apparatus Access Roads.
- 22.4 Welding and Cutting.
- 22.5 Housekeeping.
- 22.6 Fire Extinguishers.
- 22.7 Tire Storage.
- 22.8 Burning Operations.
- 22.9 Motor Vehicle Fluids and Hazardous Materials.
- Chapter 23 Cleanrooms [Go to Page]
- 23.1 General.
- 23.2 Applicability.
- 23.3 Permits.
- Chapter 24 Drycleaning [Go to Page]
- 24.1 General.
- 24.2 Permits.
- Chapter 25 Grandstands and Bleachers, Folding and Telescopic Seating, Tents, and Membrane Structures [Go to Page]
- 25.1 General.
- 25.2 Tents.
- 25.3 Grandstands.
- 25.4 Folding and Telescopic Seating.
- 25.5 Permanent Membrane Structures.
- 25.6 Temporary Membrane Structures.
- Chapter 26 Laboratories Using Chemicals [Go to Page]
- 26.1 General.
- 26.2 Permits.
- Chapter 27 Manufactured Home and Recreational Vehicle Sites [Go to Page]
- 27.1 General.
- 27.2 Manufactured Home Sites.
- 27.3 Recreational Vehicle Parks and Campgrounds.
- Chapter 28 Marinas, Boatyards, Marine Terminals, Piers, and Wharves [Go to Page]
- 28.1 Marinas, Boatyards, and Other Recreational Marine Facilities.
- 28.2 Marine Terminals, Piers, and Wharves.
- 28.3 Construction, Conversion, Repair, and Lay-Up of Vessels.
- Chapter 29 Parking Garages [Go to Page]
- 29.1 General.
- Chapter 30 Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities and Repair Garages [Go to Page]
- 30.1 Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities.
- 30.2 Repair Garages for Vehicles Powered by Flammable and Combustible Liquids.
- 30.3 Repair Garages for Vehicles Powered by Alternate Fuels.
- 30.4 Operational Requirements.
- Chapter 31 Forest Products and Biomass Feedstocks [Go to Page]
- 31.1 General.
- 31.2 Permits.
- 31.3 Protection of Storage of Forest Products.
- Chapter 32 Motion Picture and Television Production Studio Soundstages and Approved Production Facilities [Go to Page]
- 32.1 General.
- 32.2 Permits.
- 32.3 Fire Watch.
- 32.4 Decorative Materials.
- 32.5 Smoking.
- 32.6 Pyrotechnic Special Effects and Open Flames.
- 32.7 Fire Department Access.
- 32.8 Housekeeping.
- 32.9 Soundstages and Approved Production Facilities.
- 32.10 Production Locations.
- Chapter 33 Outside Storage of Tires [Go to Page]
- 33.1 General.
- 33.2 Individual Piles.
- 33.3 Emergency Response Plan.
- 33.4 Fire Control Measures.
- 33.5 Site Access.
- 33.6 Signs and Security.
- 33.7 Outdoor Storage of Altered Tire Material.
- Chapter 34 General Storage [Go to Page]
- 34.1 General.
- 34.2 Classification of Commodities.
- 34.3 Commodity Classes.
- 34.4 Building Construction.
- 34.5 Storage Arrangement.
- 34.6 General Fire Protection.
- 34.7 Building Equipment, Maintenance, and Operations.
- 34.8 Protection of Rack Storage.
- 34.9 Protection of Rubber Tires.
- 34.10 Protection of Roll Paper.
- 34.11 Storage of Idle Pallets.
- Chapter 35 Animal Housing Facilities [Go to Page]
- 35.1 General.
- 35.2 Permits.
- Chapter 36 Telecommunication Facilities and Information Technology Equipment [Go to Page]
- 36.1 General.
- Chapter 37 Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems [Go to Page]
- 37.1 General.
- Chapter 38 Cannabis Growing, Processing, or Extraction Facilities [Go to Page]
- 38.1 Application.
- 38.2 Permits.
- 38.3 Fire Protection Systems.
- 38.4 Means of Egress.
- 38.5 Growing or Production of Cannabis.
- 38.6 Processing or Extraction.
- 38.7 Transfilling.
- Chapter 39 Wastewater Treatment and Collection Facilities [Go to Page]
- 39.1 General.
- Chapter 40 Dust Explosion and Fire Prevention [Go to Page]
- 40.1 Application.
- 40.2 Permits.
- 40.3 Retroactivity.
- 40.4 General.
- 40.5 Dust Hazards Analysis (DHA).
- 40.6 Operating Procedures and Practices.
- 40.7 Housekeeping.
- 40.8 Hot Work.
- 40.9 Personal Protective Equipment.
- 40.10 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance.
- 40.11 Training and Hazard Awareness.
- 40.12 Contractors.
- 40.13 Emergency Planning and Response.
- 40.14 Incident Investigation.
- 40.15 Management of Change.
- 40.16 Documentation Retention.
- 40.17 Management Systems Review.
- 40.18 Employee Participation.
- Chapter 41 Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work [Go to Page]
- 41.1 General.
- 41.2 Responsibility for Hot Work.
- 41.3 Fire Prevention Precautions.
- 41.4 Sole Proprietors and Individual Operators.
- 41.5 Public Exhibitions and Demonstrations.
- 41.6 Arc Welding Equipment.
- Chapter 42 Refueling [Go to Page]
- 42.1 General.
- 42.2 Automotive Fuel Servicing.
- 42.3 Storage of Liquids.
- 42.4 Piping for Liquids.
- 42.5 Fuel Dispensing Systems.
- 42.6 Building Construction Requirements.
- 42.7 Operational Requirements.
- 42.8 Additional Requirements for CNG, LNG, Hydrogen, and LP-Gas.
- 42.9 Marine Fueling.
- 42.10 Aircraft Fuel Servicing.
- 42.11 Alternate Fuels.
- 42.12 On-Demand Mobile Fueling.
- Chapter 43 Spraying, Dipping, and Coating Using Flammable or Combustible Materials [Go to Page]
- 43.1 Application.
- 43.2 Automated Electrostatic Spray Equipment.
- 43.3 Handheld Electrostatic Spray Equipment.
- 43.4 Drying, Curing, orand Fusion Processes.
- 43.5 Miscellaneous Spray Operations.
- 43.6 Powder Coating.
- 43.7 Organic Peroxides and Plural Component Coatings.
- 43.8 Containers. [33:17.7.2]
- 43.9 Styrene Cross-Linked Composites Manufacturing (Glass Fiber–Reinforced Plastics).
- 43.10 Dipping, Coating, and Printing Processes.
- 43.11 Training.
- Chapter 44 Solvent Extraction [Go to Page]
- 44.1 General.
- 44.2 Application.
- 44.3 Permits.
- 44.4 Special Requirements.
- Chapter 45 Combustible Fibers [Go to Page]
- 45.1 General.
- 45.2 Electrical Wiring.
- 45.3 No Smoking.
- 45.4 Vehicles and Material Handling Equipment.
- 45.5 Loose Storage of Combustible Fibers.
- 45.6 Baled Storage.
- 45.7 Storage of Hay, Straw, and Other Similar Agricultural Products.
- 45.8 Hazardous Materials.
- Chapter 46 Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) [Go to Page]
- 46.1 Application.
- 46.2 Nonindustrial Additive Manufacturing.
- 46.3 Industrial Additive Manufacturing.
- Chapter 47 Reserved
- Chapter 48 Reserved
- Chapter 49 Reserved
- Chapter 50 Commercial Cooking [Go to Page]
- 50.1 Application.
- 50.2 General Requirements for Cooking Operations in Buildings and Mobile and Temporary Cooking Operations.
- 50.3 Protection of Coverings and Enclosure Materials.
- 50.4 Fire-Extinguishing Equipment for Cooking Operations in Buildings.
- 50.5 Fire-Extinguishing Equipment for Mobile and Temporary Cooking Operations.
- 50.6 Procedures for the Use, Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Equipment.
- 50.7 Minimum Safety Requirements for Cooking Equipment.
- 50.8 Mobile and Temporary Cooking Operations.
- Chapter 51 Industrial Ovens and Furnaces [Go to Page]
- 51.1 General.
- 51.2 Location.
- 51.3 Safety Controls.
- Chapter 52 Energy Storage Systems [Go to Page]
- 52.1 General.
- 52.2 Remediation Measures.
- 52.3 System Interconnection.
- 52.4 Operation and Maintenance.
- 52.5 Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems.
- 52.6 Capacitor Energy Storage Systems.
- 52.7 Fuel Cell Energy Storage Systems.
- 52.8 Storage of Used or Off-Specification Batteries.
- Chapter 53 Mechanical Refrigeration [Go to Page]
- 53.1 General.
- 53.2 Safety Features.
- 53.3 Operations, Maintenance, Testing, and Decommissioning.
- Chapter 54 Ozone Gas–Generating Equipment [Go to Page]
- 54.1 Scope.
- 54.2 Location.
- 54.3 Piping, Valves, and Fittings.
- 54.4 Automatic Shutdown.
- 54.5 Manual Shutdown.
- Chapter 55 Cleaning and Purging of Flammable Gas Piping Systems [Go to Page]
- 55.1 Application.
- 55.2 Permits.
- Chapter 56 Reserved
- Chapter 57 Reserved
- Chapter 58 Reserved
- Chapter 59 Reserved
- Chapter 60 Hazardous Materials [Go to Page]
- 60.1 General Requirements.
- 60.2 Special Definitions.
- 60.3 Classification of Materials, Wastes, and Hazard of Contents.
- 60.4 Permissible Storage and Use Locations.
- 60.5 Fundamental Requirements.
- 60.6 Emergency Action Planning, Fire Risk Control, and Chemical Hazard Requirements for Industrial Processes.
- 60.7 Performance Alternative.
- Chapter 61 Aerosol Products [Go to Page]
- 61.1 General Provisions.
- 61.2 Basic Requirements.
- 61.3 Storage in Warehouses and Storage Areas.
- 61.4 Mercantile Occupancies.
- 61.5 Operations and Maintenance.
- Chapter 62 Reserved
- Chapter 63 Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids [Go to Page]
- 63.1 General Provisions.
- 63.2 Building-Related Controls.
- 63.3 Compressed Gases.
- 63.4 Cryogenic Fluids.
- 63.5 Bulk Oxygen Systems.
- 63.6 Gas Hydrogen Systems.
- 63.7 Bulk Liquefied Hydrogen Systems.
- 63.8 Gas Generation Systems.
- 63.9 Insulated Liquid Carbon Dioxide Systems.
- 63.10 Storage, Handling, and Use of Ethylene Oxide for Sterilization and Fumigation.
- 63.11 Carbon Dioxide Beverage Systems.
- 63.12 Liquid Oxygen in Home Care.
- Chapter 64 Corrosive Solids and Liquids [Go to Page]
- 64.1 General.
- Chapter 65 Explosives, Fireworks, and Model Rocketry [Go to Page]
- 65.1 General.
- 65.2 Display Fireworks.
- 65.3 Pyrotechnics Before a Proximate Audience.
- 65.4 Flame Effects Before an Audience.
- 65.5 Fireworks Manufacturing.
- 65.6 Model Rocketry.
- 65.7 Rocketry Manufacturing.
- 65.8 High Power Rocketry.
- 65.9 Explosives.
- Chapter 66 Flammable and Combustible Liquids [Go to Page]
- 66.1 General.
- 66.2 Reserved.
- 66.3 Definitions.
- 66.4 Classification of Liquids.
- 66.5 Reserved.
- 66.6 Fire and Explosion Prevention and Risk Control.
- 66.7 Electrical Systems.
- 66.8 Application of Area Classification.
- 66.9 Storage of Ignitible (Flammable or Combustible) Liquids in Containers — General Requirements.
- 66.10 Reserved.
- 66.11 Reserved.
- 66.12 Reserved.
- 66.13 Reserved.
- 66.14 Hazardous Materials Storage Lockers.
- 66.15 Outdoor Storage.
- 66.16 Automatic Fire Protection for Inside Liquid Storage Areas.
- 66.17 Processing Facilities.
- 66.18 Dispensing, Handling, Transfer, and Use of Ignitible (Flammable or Combustible) Liquids.
- 66.19 Specific Operations.
- 66.20 Reserved.
- 66.21 Storage of Ignitible (Flammable or Combustible) Liquids in Tanks — Requirements for All Storage Tanks.
- 66.22 Storage of Ignitible (Flammable or Combustible) Liquids in Tanks — Aboveground Storage Tanks.
- 66.23 Storage of Ignitible (Flammable or Combustible) Liquids in Tanks — Underground Tanks.
- 66.24 Storage Tank Buildings.
- 66.25 Storage Tank Vaults.
- 66.26 Reserved.
- 66.27 Piping Systems.
- 66.28 Bulk Loading and Unloading Facilities for Tank Cars and Tank Vehicles.
- 66.29 Wharves.
- Chapter 67 Flammable Solids [Go to Page]
- 67.1 General.
- Chapter 68 Highly Toxic and Toxic Solids and Liquids [Go to Page]
- 68.1 General.
- Chapter 69 Liquefied Petroleum Gases and Liquefied Natural Gases [Go to Page]
- 69.1 General Provisions.
- 69.2 LP-Gas Equipment and Appliances.
- 69.3 Installation of LP-Gas Systems.
- 69.4 LP-Gas Liquid Transfer.
- 69.5 Storage of Cylinders Awaiting Use, Resale, or Exchange.
- 69.6 Vehicular Transportation of LP-Gas.
- 69.7 LP-Gases at Utility Plants.
- 69.8 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Facilities.
- Chapter 70 Oxidizer Solids and Liquids [Go to Page]
- 70.1 General.
- Chapter 71 Pyrophoric Solids and Liquids [Go to Page]
- 71.1 General.
- Chapter 72 Unstable (Reactive) Solids and Liquids [Go to Page]
- 72.1 General.
- Chapter 73 Water-Reactive Solids and Liquids [Go to Page]
- 73.1 General.
- Chapter 74 Ammonium Nitrate [Go to Page]
- 74.1 General.
- Chapter 75 Organic Peroxide Solids and Liquids [Go to Page]
- 75.1 General.
- Annex A Explanatory Material
- Annex B Sample Ordinance Adopting the NFPA 1, Fire Code
- Annex C Fire Fighter Safety Building Marking System
- Annex D Firefighter Breathing-Air Replenishment Systems
- Annex E Fire Sprinkler Disclosure Statement for One- and Two-Family Dwellings
- Annex F Informational References [Go to Page]