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BS EN 61724-1:2017 Photovoltaic system performance - Monitoring, 2018
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- CONTENTS
- FOREWORD
- INTRODUCTION
- Figures [Go to Page]
- Figure 1 – Possible elements of PV systems
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions
- 4 Monitoring system classification
- 5 General [Go to Page]
- 5.1 Measurement uncertainty
- Tables [Go to Page]
- Table 1 – Monitoring system classifications and suggested applications
- 5.2 Calibration
- 5.3 Repeated elements
- 5.4 Power consumption
- 5.5 Documentation
- 5.6 Inspection
- 6 Data acquisition timing and reporting [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Sampling, recording, and reporting
- Figure 2 – Sampling, recording, and reporting
- 6.2 Timestamps
- 7 Measured parameters [Go to Page]
- 7.1 General requirements
- Table 2 – Sampling and recording interval requirements
- Table 3 – Measured parameters and requirements for each monitoring system class
- 7.2 Irradiance [Go to Page]
- 7.2.1 On-site irradiance measurement
- Table 4 – Relation between system size (AC) and number of sensors for specific sensors referenced in Table 3
- Table 5 – Sensor choices and requirements for in-plane and global irradiance
- Table 6 – Irradiance sensor alignment accuracy
- Table 7 – Irradiance sensor maintenance requirements [Go to Page]
- 7.2.2 Satellite remote sensing of irradiance
- 7.3 Environmental factors [Go to Page]
- 7.3.1 PV module temperature
- Table 8 – PV module temperature sensor maintenance requirements [Go to Page]
- 7.3.2 Ambient air temperature
- 7.3.3 Wind speed and direction
- Table 9 – Ambient air temperature sensor maintenance requirements [Go to Page]
- 7.3.4 Soiling ratio
- Table 10 – Wind sensor maintenance requirements [Go to Page]
- 7.3.5 Rainfall
- 7.3.6 Snow
- 7.3.7 Humidity
- 7.4 Tracker system [Go to Page]
- 7.4.1 Single-axis trackers
- 7.4.2 Dual-axis trackers for >20x systems
- 7.5 Electrical measurements
- 7.6 External system requirements
- 8 Data processing and quality check [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Daylight hours
- Table 11 – Inverter-level electrical measurement requirements
- Table 12 – Plant-level AC electrical output measurement requirements
- 8.2 Quality check [Go to Page]
- 8.2.1 Removing invalid readings
- 8.2.2 Treatment of missing data
- 9 Calculated parameters [Go to Page]
- 9.1 Overview
- 9.2 Summations
- 9.3 Irradiation
- Table 13 – Calculated parameters
- 9.4 Electrical energy [Go to Page]
- 9.4.1 General
- 9.4.2 DC output energy
- 9.4.3 AC output energy
- 9.5 Array power rating [Go to Page]
- 9.5.1 DC power rating
- 9.5.2 AC power rating
- 9.6 Yields [Go to Page]
- 9.6.1 General
- 9.6.2 PV array energy yield
- 9.6.3 Final system yield
- 9.6.4 Reference yield
- 9.7 Yield losses [Go to Page]
- 9.7.1 General
- 9.7.2 Array capture loss
- 9.7.3 Balance of systems (BOS) loss
- 9.8 Efficiencies [Go to Page]
- 9.8.1 Array (DC) efficiency
- 9.8.2 System (AC) efficiency
- 9.8.3 BOS efficiency
- 10 Performance metrics [Go to Page]
- 10.1 Overview
- 10.2 Summations
- 10.3 Performance ratios [Go to Page]
- 10.3.1 Performance ratio
- Table 14 – Performance metrics [Go to Page]
- 10.3.2 Temperature-corrected performance ratios
- 10.4 Performance indices
- 11 Data filtering [Go to Page]
- 11.1 Use of available data
- 11.2 Filtering data to specific conditions
- 11.3 Reduced inverter, grid, or load availability
- Annex A (informative)Sampling interval [Go to Page]
- A.1 General considerations
- A.2 Time constants
- A.3 Aliasing error
- A.4 Example
- Annex B (informative)Module backsheet temperature sensor selection and attachment [Go to Page]
- B.1 Objective
- B.2 Sensor and material selection [Go to Page]
- B.2.1 Optimal sensor types
- B.2.2 Optimal tapes
- B.2.3 Cyanoacrylate adhesives and backsheet integrity
- B.3 Sensor attachment method [Go to Page]
- B.3.1 Permanent versus temporary
- B.3.2 Attachment location
- B.3.3 Sensor attachment
- Figure B.1 – Sensor attachment, permanent
- Figure B.2 – Sensor attachment, temporary
- Figure B.3 – Sensor element wire strain relief
- Annex C (informative)Derate factors
- Annex D (normative)Systems with local loads, storage, or auxiliary sources [Go to Page]
- D.1 System types
- Figure D.1 – Energy flow between possible elements of different PV system types
- Table D.1 – Elements of different PV system types
- D.2 Parameters and formulas
- Table D.2 – Parameters and equations for different system types
- Bibliography [Go to Page]
