Security check
Please login to your personal account to use this feature.
Please login to your authorized staff account to use this feature.
Are you sure you want to empty the cart?
Hurricane Katrina in the Gulf Coast: Mitigation Assessment Team Report, Building Performance Observations, Recommendations, and Technical Guidance, 2006
- Hurricane Katrina in the Gulf Coast
- Dedication
- Executive Summary
- Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction [Go to Page]
- 1.1 Hurricane Katrina – The Event [Go to Page]
- 1.1.1 Hurricane Katrina Economic Loss Summary
- 1.1.2 Storm Surge Analysis and Discussion
- HWM Classification Types:
- 1.1.3 Wind Hazard Analysis and Discussion
- 1.2 Historic Hurricanes [Go to Page]
- 1.2.1 Hurricane Betsy
- 1.2.2 Hurricane Camille
- 1.2.3 Hurricane Frederic
- 1.3 FEMA Mitigation Assessment Teams (MATs) [Go to Page]
- 1.3.1 Purpose of the MAT
- 1.3.3 Methodology
- 2. Floodplain Management Regulations and Building Codes and Standards [Go to Page]
- 2.1 Floodplain Management Regulations [Go to Page]
- 2.1.1 Flood Studies and Flood Maps
- 2.1.2 Higher Regulatory Standards
- 2.1.3 Mississippi – Relating Observed Flood Damage to the FIRMs
- 2.1.4 Louisiana – Relating Observed Flood Damage to the FIRMs
- 2.1.5 Alabama – Relating Observed Flood Damage to the FIRMs
- 2.2 Building Codes and Standards [Go to Page]
- 2.2.1 Flood Requirements in the IBC and the IRC
- 2.2.2 Flood Requirements in ASCE 7
- 2.2.3 Flood Requirements in ASCE 24
- 2.2.4 Wind Requirements in Building Codes and Standards – Mississippi
- 2.2.5 Wind Requirements in Building Codes and Standards – Louisiana
- 2.2.6 Wind Requirements in Building Codes and Standards – Alabama
- 2.3 HUD Manufactured Housing Design Standards
- 3. General Overview of Storm-Related Damage [Go to Page]
- 3.1 Flood Effects [Go to Page]
- 3.1.1 Flood Effects on One- and Two-Family Residential Buildings
- 3.1.2 Flood Effects on Multi-Family Residential Buildings
- 3.1.3 Flood Effects on Commercial Buildings
- 3.1.4 Flood Effects on Critical and Essential Facilities
- 3.1.5 Flood Effects on Historic Buildings
- 3.2 Wind Effects [Go to Page]
- 3.2.1 Wind Effects on One- and Two-Family Residential Buildings
- 3.2.2 Wind Effects on Multi-Family Residential Buildings
- 3.2.3 Wind Effects on Commercial Buildings
- 3.2.4 Wind Effects on Critical and Essential Facilities
- 3.2.5 Wind Effects on Historic Buildings
- 4. Structural Systems Performance [Go to Page]
- 4.1.1 Single-Family Residential Buildings [Go to Page]
- 4.1.2 Manufactured Housing
- 4.1.3 Low-Rise, Multi-Family Residential Buildings
- 4.2 Wind [Go to Page]
- 4.2.1 Wood-Framed Buildings
- 4.2.3 Pre-Engineered Metal Buildings
- 5. Building Envelope Performance [Go to Page]
- 5.1 Sheathing on the Underside of Elevated Buildings
- 5.2 Doors [Go to Page]
- 5.2.1 Personnel Door Damage
- 5.2.2 Garage Door Damage
- 5.2.3 Rolling and Sectional Door Damage
- 5.3 Non-Load-Bearing Walls, Wall Coverings, and Soffits [Go to Page]
- 5.3.1 Non-Load-Bearing Walls
- 5.3.2 Wall Coverings and Soffits
- 5.4 Roof Systems [Go to Page]
- 5.4.1 Asphalt Shingles
- 5.4.2 Fiber-Cement, Slate, and Tile
- 5.4.3 Metal Panels and Shingles
- 5.4.4 Low-Slope Membrane Systems
- 5.5 Windows, Shutters, and Skylights [Go to Page]
- 5.5.1 Unprotected Glazing
- 5.5.2 Protected Glazing
- 5.5.3 Over-Pressurization
- 5.5.4 Installation
- 5.5.5 Skylights
- 5.6 Exterior-Mounted Mechanical, Electrical, and Communications Equipment [Go to Page]
- 5.6.1 Mechanical Equipment
- 5.6.2 Electrical and Communications Equipment
- 6. Historic Buildings [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Flood Damage [Go to Page]
- 6.1.1 Biloxi Lighthouse (Biloxi, Mississippi)
- 6.1.2 Tullis-Toledano House (Biloxi, Mississippi)
- 6.1.3 Tivoli Hotel (Biloxi, Mississippi)
- 6.1.4 Beauvoir, Jefferson Davis' Home (Biloxi, Mississippi)
- 6.1.5 Longue Vue House and Gardens (New Orleans, Louisiana)
- 6.1.6 Milne Boys Home (New Orleans, Louisiana)
- 6.1.7 Bank Building (Bay St. Louis, Mississippi)
- 6.2 Wind Damage [Go to Page]
- 6.2.1 Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Gulfport, Mississippi)
- 6.2.2 Benachi House (New Orleans, Louisiana)
- 6.2.3 Pitot House Museum (New Orleans, Louisiana)
- 6.2.4 Valence Street Baptist Church (New Orleans, Louisiana)
- 6.2.5 Longue Vue House and Gardens (New Orleans, Louisiana)
- 7. Performance of Critical and Essential Facilities [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Emergency Operations Centers [Go to Page]
- 7.1.1 Jackson County EOC (Pascagoula, Mississippi)
- 7.1.2 Harrison County EOC (Gulfport, Mississippi)
- 7.1.3 Hancock County EOC (Bay St. Louis, Mississippi)
- 7.2 Fire Stations [Go to Page]
- 7.2.1 Back Bay Fire Co. #4 (Biloxi, Mississippi)
- 7.2.2 Gulfport Fire Station #1 (Gulfport, Mississippi)
- 7.2.3 Gulfport Fire Station #5 (Gulfport, Mississippi)
- 7.2.4 Gulfport Fire Station #7 (Gulfport, Mississippi)
- 7.2.5 Pass Christian Fire Department (Pass Christian, Mississippi)
- 7.2.6 Cuevas Volunteer Fire Department (Pass Christian, Mississippi)
- 7.2.7 Northshore Volunteer Fire Department (Slidell, Louisiana)
- 7.2.8 A. J. Champagne Fire Station (Slidell, Louisiana)
- 7.2.9 Third District Fire Headquarters (New Orleans, Louisiana)
- 7.2.10 Port Sulphur Volunteer Fire Department (Port Sulphur, Louisiana)
- 7.2.11 Buras Volunteer Fire Department (Buras, Louisiana)
- 7.3 Hospitals [Go to Page]
- 7.3.1 Garden Park Medical Center (Gulfport, Mississippi)
- 7.4 Airports and Military Bases [Go to Page]
- 7.4.1 Gulfport-Biloxi International Airport
- 7.4.2 Keesler Air Force Base
- 8. Overview of Hurricane Katrina in the New Orleans Area [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Flooding in the New Orleans Area
- 8.2. Floodplain Management Issues Related to Levees/Floodwalls [Go to Page]
- 8.2.1 History of the New Orleans Levee System
- 8.2.2 Floodplain Mapping and Building Construction within the New Orleans Levee-Protected Area
- 8.3 General Characterization of Flood Damage [Go to Page]
- 8.3.1 Structural Damage
- 8.3.2 Non-Structural Damage
- 8.4 Long-Duration Flood Impacts on Buildings [Go to Page]
- 8.4.1 Deterioration of Building Materials from Lon-Duration Flooding
- 8.4.2 Long-Duration Flood Impacts from Contamination
- 9. Mitigation Successes and Best Practices [Go to Page]
- 9.1 Acquisition Projects [Go to Page]
- 9.1.1 Brickyard Bayou Acquisition Project (Gulfport, Mississippi)
- 9.1.2 Acquisition Project (Pascagoula, Mississippi)
- 9.2 Elevation Projects [Go to Page]
- 9.2.1 Lacombe, Louisiana
- 9.2.2 Elevations Along Lakeshore Drive in Mandeville, Louisiana
- 9.3 Wind Retrofit Projects [Go to Page]
- 9.3.1 Harrison County Courthouse (Gulfport, Mississippi)
- 9.3.2 Ocean Springs Middle School (Ocean Springs, Mississippi)
- 9.3.3 Hancock County Senior Citizens Center (Bay St. Louis, Mississippi)
- 9.3.4 Jackson County EOC (Pascagoula, Mississippi)
- 9.4 Higher Regulatory Standards - Citywide Elevation Standard (Pascagoula, Mississippi)
- 9.5 Other Best Practices [Go to Page]
- 9.5.1 Cantilevered Condenser Platforms
- 9.5.2 Shutters over Windows (Non-Retrofit)
- 10. Conclusions [Go to Page]
- 10.1 Flood Hazards [Go to Page]
- 10.1.1 Lowest Floor Elevations
- 10.1.2 Foundations and Structures
- 10.1.3 Long-Duration Flood Impacts in the New Orleans Area
- 10.2 Wind Hazards [Go to Page]
- 10.2.1 Building Codes
- 10.2.2 Performance of Structural Systems (Residential and Commercial Construction)
- 10.2.3 Performance of Building Envelope, and Mechanical and Electrical Equipment
- 10.2.4 The Need for High-Wind Design and Construction Guidance
- 10.2.5 Wind Mitigation for Existing Buildings
- 10.3 Performance of Critical and Essential Facilities (Including Shelters)
- 10.4 Historic Buildings
- 11. Recommendations [Go to Page]
- 11.1 Flood Related Recommendations [Go to Page]
- 11.1.1 Codes and Standards
- 11.1.2 General Hazard Identification
- 11.1.4 Design and Construction
- 11.1.5 Foundations
- 11.1.6 Flood Insurance
- 11.2 Wind Related Recommendations [Go to Page]
- 11.2.1 Building Codes
- 11.2.2 Design and Construction
- 11.2.3 Wind Mitigation for Existing Buildings
- 11.3 Critical and Essential Facilities Recommendations
- 11.4 Public Outreach Recommendations
- Appendices [Go to Page]
- A. References
- B. Acknowledgements
- C. Acronyms and Abbreviations
- D. Glossary
- E. FEMA Hurricane Katrina Recovery Advisories
- F. High Water Marks
- G. Procedure Memorandum 34– Interim Guidance for Studies Including Levees
- H. Continuity of Operations and Environmental Issues for Infrastructure
- I. Description of Sampling and Analytical Methods
- J. Historic Buildings Pre- and Post-Disaster Mitigation
- K. FEMA Regional Offices [Go to Page]
